Rye (Secale cereale ssp. cereale L.) is a secondary domesticate, considered to have originated as a weed in wheat fields and to have developed traits of domestication by evolving similar physiological and morphological characteristics to those of wheat. Although it migrated into Europe as a weed possessing domestication traits, it became one of the most significant crops grown in large parts of Europe from the medieval period onward. Within the modern borders of Germany, rye was grown using at least two divergent cultivation practices: eternal rye monoculture and three-field rotation. The straw of rye was used to produce Wellerhölzer, which are construction components in traditional half-timbered houses that have enabled a desiccated preservation of the plant remains. In order to assess the impact of cultivation practices, local environmental conditions and genetic variation on the genetic diversification of rye, we seek to integrate well-established archaeobotanical methods with aDNA sequencing of desiccated plant remains obtained from Wellerhölzer from Germany. In the current contribution, we present a proof of concept, based on the analysis of plant remains from a Wellerholz from the Old Town Hall of Göttingen. We use arable weed ecology to reconstruct cultivation practices and local environmental conditions and present a phylogenetic analysis based on targeted loci of the chloroplast and nuclear genome. Our results emphasise that the study of desiccated remains of plants from Wellerhölzer offer a unique opportunity for an integration of archaeobotanical reconstructions of cultivation practices and local environment and the sequencing of aDNA.

Investigations of the settlement of Kakucs-Turján have applied a multi-disciplinary approach to recognize the everyday reality of communities living in Early and Middle Bronze Age Hungary. Field prospection and preliminary excavations allowed characterization of the overall site parameters, while the subsequent excavation seasons provided evidence of a complex settlement history wherein a major transition from behaviors producing a flat to a multilayered site was identified as a major turning point. Analyses of material culture and botanical remains point to stable lifestyles and subsistence practices across generations of inhabitation of the settlement within which differential access to exotic resources and non-local objects was part of the way of life. This paper provides a state-of-the-art overview summarizing the main findings of the focal points of research at Kakucs-Turján.

The activities of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the Krasnoyarsk Territory during the Great Patriotic war is described. A new page in the history of the service is opened. The war became a difficult test for the service, but it adequately withstood all the difficulties associated with anti-epidemic work to protect the population from the spread of infectious diseases. The Krai's service has made an enormous contribution to the overall victory over fascism. And the farther the years of the war go, the more carefully we must preserve the memory, the greater becomes our Victory.