Los bosques son complejos sistemas abiertos con múltiples funciones. Para mantener altos estándares y la credibilidad de la opinión pública, los responsables del manejo de recursos forestales requieren integrar la experiencia de diferentes disciplinas científicas, incluyendo las humanidades, la física, la ingeniería y las ciencias biológicas, no necesariamente en ese orden. Con frecuencia se postula que el manejo forestal debe ser sustentable, basarse en resultados de investigación validados, ser acorde con estándares ambientales aceptables y ser transparente para la opinión pública; estos objetivos pueden lograrse si: a) se evalúa una variedad de opciones forestales, b) se demuestra el manejo de manera comprensible en el campo y c) se revisan y evalúan continuamente las actividades de manejo considerando diferentes condiciones ecológicas. Con base en estas premisas un concepto práctico para el manejo de un paisaje forestal incluye tres elementos: Diseño de Opciones, Parcelas de Demostración y Análisis de Eventos. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un sistema para el manejo de paisajes forestales sobre bases científicas, que incluye los tres elementos anteriores.
We present an approach to generate and evaluate different silvicultural development paths and to optimize the development of a Norway spruce stand, using a long-term planning horizon. To generate a silvicultural path, the maximum stand density was applied. At each thinning event, three possible thinning intensities (10, 20, 30% of the stem number per ha) were randomly chosen. A search algorithm known as modified Accelerated Simulated Annealing (mASA) was used to estimate the optimum combination of stand paths for a given forest as a whole. Production and economic management objectives were considered and then compared. The economic criterion was the Expected Stand Value (ESV) with a 4% discount rate. The generated data set of 38 Norway spruce stands (comprising a total of 123.8 ha) was used in the case study. The result with the best combination of paths was presented in a digitized forest map. Forest management simulation was performed using a specially developed computer program, for a planning horizon of 20 years. The mASA proved to be an effective search method for identifying optimum paths.
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