Korean wave has became a current booming popular culture; reaching all continents of the world. This phenomenon is the result of cooperation from various actors, namely state and non-state actors. This paper aims to determine the role of the South Korean government in the accomplishments achieved by the Korean wave to date, by studying the literature that focuses on the Korean wave success. This paper concludes that the South Korean government acts as a stimulator, regulator and facility provider for the cultural industry to develop. While the success of the Korean wave in penetrating the world market is the result of the formulation of strategies and promotions conducted by non-state actors involved in the process of producing the Korean wave.

Diplomasi publik merupakan instrumen pencapaian kepentingan negara yang populer digunakan, dimana Republic of Korea merupakan salah satu contoh negara yang menggunakan diplomasi publik dengan Korean wave menjadi salah satu medianya. Diplomasi publik Korean wave meraih kesuksesannya di Indonesia secara umum dan kota Padang secara khusus. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pencapaian kepentingan negara melalui pelaksanaan diplomasi publik yang  melibatkan banyak aktor swasta/private. Penulis menggunakan  metode survei ke sepuluh universitas yang ada di kota Padang untuk mengetahui pencapaian kepentingan negara ini di kota Padang. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa walaupun diplomasi publik ini berhasil dalam meningkatkan popularitas Republic of Korea, tetapi kepentingan yang ingin dicapai seperti tersosialisasikannya kebijakan pemerintah dan penciptaan image  RoK yang cinta damai dan attractive belum berhasil tercapai sepenuhnya, karena ketertarikan kepada budaya populer yang ditawarkan ternyata tidak berhasil untuk menarik pemuda kota Padang untuk lebih lanjut mempelajari kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah dan membangun image yang diinginkan oleh pemerintah. Kata kunci : Diplomasi Publik, Korean wave, image, budaya populer, Padang

Dunia Internasional pada abad 21 ditandai dengan fenomena kebangkitan Tiongkok. Kebangkitan Tiongkok ini direspon secara beragam oleh negara-negara yang ada dunia. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk menjelaskan strategi yang digunakan oleh Indonesia dalam merespon kebangkitan Tiongkok pada era presiden SBY dengan menggunakan setting Konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan sebagai arena yang mempertemukan Indonesia dengan Tiongkok dan negara-negara ASEAN lainnya. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa strategi yang digunakan oleh Indonesia dalam merespon kebangkitan Tiongkok adalah strategi engagement melalui ASEAN dan hedging dengan memperbanyak opsi yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia.

Public diplomacy is a popular instrument used to meet the interests of the state. It claims that nowadays, nations are competed to pay attention to the implementation of public diplomacy. This article is interested in exploring the phenomenon above by research Indonesian public diplomacy to find out the position of public diplomacy for Indonesia. This article uses the literature study method concerning documents from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website, several speeches by state officials, and journal articles. By referring to the concept of public diplomacy, the author tries to analyze the position of public diplomacy for Indonesia. The documents used as data sources in this paper indicate that public diplomacy has occupied a particular spot for Indonesia, bearing in mind that Indonesia already has a special directorate to take care of the implementation of public diplomacy. Additionally, some objectives of public diplomacy are often delivered by state officials in several of their speeches which, indicates its specialty.

<p>International activities of local governments, also known in the literature as paradiplomacy, have significantly increased in the recent years. In Indonesia, local governments are allowed to conduct international relations or city diplomacy in supporting of central government. In doing so, multiple international agreements have been signed by Indonesian local governments, mostly establishing sister city relations. The most active actors on the international stage are big cities, such as Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Bandung, all situated in Java. This research aims to explore challenges faced by small city, in this case city of Padang in conducting city diplomacy. The authors interviewed public officers in city of Padang and collected secondary data on the topic based on literature study. this article argues that small city has challenges that are not faced by big cities.  The study found that small city cannot conduct city diplomacy as well as big cities due to the following factors: lack of awareness of city diplomacy, small number of staff with sufficient knowledge about international relations, and lack of information and idea about the implementation of sister city MoU or action plan and complex bureaucracy procedure in conducting an agreement which potentially less motivate staff in doing paradiplomacy. This article concludes that city of Padang is still working to obtain many agreements in term of sister city while creating many action plans to effectively the agreements.</p>