AbstrakPemberian terapi ARV untuk penderita HIV/AIDS dapat menurunkan angka kematian dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Ketidakpatuhan pasien HIV/AIDS dalam terapi ARV dapat menyebabkan berhentinya terapi, meningkatkan resiko kematian, menyulitkan evaluasi pelayanan terapi ARV, dan meningkatkan resiko resistensi ARV jika ingin memulai kembali. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya ketidakpatuhan terapi ARV pada ODHA di Kabupaten Pemalang. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi dengan 6 pasien HIV/AIDS yang tercatat tidak patuh menjalani terapi ARV. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan metode triangulasi dan analisis data. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan bahwa faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya ketidakpatuhan terapi ARV pada ODHA adalah rendahnya persepsi kerentanan akan menderita suatu penyakit di kemudian hari, rendahnya persepsi kesakitan informan tentang keparahan penyakit yang diderita, rendahnya persepsi manfaat yang dirasakan oleh sebagian besar informan, dan adanya persepsi hambatan adanya efek samping yang dirasakan, ketiadaan sarana untuk mengakses ARV, dan adanya rasa malu apabila status HIV positifnya diketahui oleh orang lain. Abstract Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) may reduce mortality and improve the quality of life among them. Non-adherence of HIV/AIDS patients in ARV therapy

ABSTRAK TB merupakan penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan salah satu penyebab kematian, sehingga perlu dilaksanakan program penanggulangan TB secara berkesinambungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis implementasi kebijakan tentang penanggulangan TB di Kota Tegal. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan informan secara purposive sampling. Informan utama yaitu pengelola program TB di fasyankes dan petugas analis di fasyankes. Uji validitas dengan triangulasi sumber kepada pengelola program TB Dinkes Kota Tegal, kepala fasyankes dan paseien tuberkulosis.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan implementasi kebijakan ini belum berjalan secara maksimal. Dari empat variabel yang berpengaruh dalam pelaksanaan implementasi kebijakan yaitu kemampuan implementor kebijakan; sumber daya; hubungan organisai; dan kondisi lingkungan, masih terdapat dua variabel yang belum berjalan secara maksimal sehingga menghambat pelaksanaan implementasi ini. Dua hal tersebut adalah sumber daya kebijkan yang belum sepenuhnya terpenuhi, dan kurangnya dukungan masyarakat dalam penanggulangan TB. Saran yang diberikan yaitu melanjutkan pelaksanaan program penanggulangan tuberkulosis di puskesmas Kota Tegal yang telah terlaksana agar program tersebut dapat terus berjalan secara maksimal. Kata Kunci: Implementasi, kebijakan, Penanggulangan, Tuberkulosis   ABSTRACT TB is a contagious disease that is still a public health problem and one of the causes of death, so that the need for continuous TB prevention program. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of policy on TB prevention in Tegal City. This research type is qualitative research with technique of taking informant by purposive sampling. The main informants are TB program managers in fasyankes and analyst officers in fasyankes. Validity test with triangulation of source to TB program manager of Tegal City Health Office, head of fasyankes and paseien tuberculosis. The result of the research shows that the implementation of this policy implementation has not run maximally yet. Of the four influential variables in the implementation of policy implementation: the ability of policy implementers; resource; organizational relationships; and environmental conditions, there are still two variables that have not run optimally thereby hampering implementation of this implementation. Two of these are unfulfilled policy resources, and lack of community support for TB control. Suggestion given is continuing the implementation of tuberculosis prevention program at puskesmas of Tegal City which has been done so that the program can keep running maximally.  Keyword: Implementation, Policy, Countermeasures, Tuberculosis

Pekalongan City is a filariasis endemic area in Central Java, Indonesia with Mf-rate >1%. It had held Mass Drug Administration (MDA) in 2011-2015. The evaluation result recommended it to re-hold MDA. This study aimed to compose filariasis vulnerability zonation based on environmental and behavioural aspects in Pekalongan City. The observed environmental aspects were the location of shrubs, cattle pen and tidal flood. The surveyed behavioural aspects were applicating mosquito repellent and hanging clothes habits. Filariasis cases data were collected from health office. This was a descriptive quantitative study with spatial approach. The environmental and behavioural aspects were observed and surveyed in 6 urban villages (38 RWs) with 387 households as samples which were chosen with proportional random sampling. The instruments were checklist sheets, Global Positioning System (GPS), satellite imagery and GIS software. Data were analysed with scoring, buffering and overlaying procedures. Results indicated some areas were categorized as highly vulnerable where shrubs, cattle pen, tidal flood and hanging clothes habit were present. It was concluded that all urban villages in this study had highly vulnerable RWs which are very potential for filariasis transmission. Applicating mosquito repellent habit was not potential aspect for controlling filariasis transmission in the studied areas.

The percentages of referrals for the first level health facilities visits are coming from Filariasis cases have increased to 11,699 until 2008. In Pekalongan City, there are 117 infected people in 2011. This study aims at investigating social determinants of filariasis endemic communities in several villages. Surveys using a cross-sectional study design, Population studies that tested positive for finger blood survey (FBS) in 2011-2013. Samples were collected by convenience sampling method sequentially through questionnaires and observation. There were 402 people participating in this study. The result shows that the presence of bushes, puddle, Sewerage are in unfavorable conditions and people do not use mosquito net during sleep and hang clothes. The best prevention practice in Padukuhan Kraton Village is by regularly use mosquito repellent and do not go out at night, Padukuhan Kraton endemic filariasis with mf-rate of 3.7%. Filariasis Elimination Program Year 2011-2015 is carried out properly and in accordance with the regulations of filariasis filariasis Mass Drug Administration (MDA) program. FBS is implemented before MDA (Mass Drug Administration) and handling of cases of chronic filariasis. Respondents have a good knowledge of prevention of transmission of filariasis. Hoewever, the practice of taking the MDA medication is still less. Suggestions for the community are to improve environmental sanitation, improvement of MDA medication and the prevention of transmission of filariasis.

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