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Background This study evaluated the antibacterial efficiency and ability of propolis to promote regeneration of immature permanent non-vital dogs’ teeth. Methods Ninety six immature permanent premolars teeth in 6 mongrel dogs were divided randomly into: experimental teeth ( N = 72) and control teeth ( N = 24). Periapical pathosis was induced in all experimental and positive control teeth. Experimental teeth were classified according to the used intra-canal medication into: group I ( N = 36), propolis paste was used and group II (N = 36), triple antibiotic paste (TAP) was used. Bacteriologic samplings were collected before and after exposure to intra-canal medicaments. After the disinfection period (3 weeks), revascularization was induced in all experimental teeth. Each group was subdivided according to the root canal orifice plug into: subgroup A ( N = 18), propolis paste was used and subgroup B (N = 18), mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) was used. Each subgroup was further subdivided according to the evaluation period into 3 subdivisions (6 teeth each): subdivision 1; after 2 weeks, subdivision 2; after one month and subdivision 3; after 2 months. Positive control group had 12 teeth with induced untreated periapical pathosis. Negative control group had 12 untouched sound teeth. All teeth were evaluated with radiography and histology. The bacteriologic and radiographic data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. The histologic data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni’s adjustment and Chi-square test. The significance level was set at P ≤ .05. Results There was no significant difference in the antibacterial effectiveness between TAP and propolis groups ( P > .05). In all subdivisions, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups in terms of increase in root length and dentin thickness, decrease in apical closure, new hard tissue formation, vital tissue formation inside the pulp canal and apical closure scores ( P > .05). Conclusion Propolis can be comparable with TAP as a disinfection treatment option in regenerative endodontic. As a root canal orifice plug after revascularization of necrotic immature permanent teeth in dogs, propolis induces a progressive increase in root length and dentin thickness and a decrease in apical diameter similar to those of MTA.

Forty patients with immature, non-vital maxillary incisors were included in this study from the outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. A detailed medical and dental history was obtained from each patient's parents or guardians. Only medically free patients were included in this research. The clinical and radiographic exclusion criteria were teeth with vertical fractures, periodontally involved teeth, and nonrestorable teeth. All procedures were performed after obtaining proper institutional review board approval based on the regulations of the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University (FDASU-RECID011508). Intraoral periapical radiographs revealed immature apices. The age of the patients ranged between 8 and 18 years. Informed consent was signed for Abstract Introduction: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of different antibacterial combinations on the outcome of revascularization process in permanent anterior immature teeth.Methods: Immature necrotic permanent maxillary incisors (n = 40) of patients 8-18 years old were divided into 4 groups according to the intracanal medicament: group 1 was treated with Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), group 2 was treated with Ciprofl oxacin + Propolis paste (CP), group 3 was treated with Ciprofl oxacin + Metronidazole paste (CM), group 4 was treated with Propolis + Metronidazole paste (PM). Cases were followed at regular intervals up to 18 months clinically and radiographically.Results: All cases showed radiographic evidence of periapical healing and continued root development. No statistically signifi cant difference in root length, thickness, apical closure or periapical density between all groups through the whole follow up period. Conclusion:Propolis is successful substitute for ciprofl oxacin or metronidazole in DAP for effective disinfection in revascularization process.

Objectives: To develop a mature biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis inside the root canal system and to test its susceptibility to some antimicrobial medications in vitro.Methods: Single rooted premolars were mechanically enlarged, sterilized, and then infected with a clinical isolate of E. faecalis. Biofilm formation and maturation was monitored using SEM. Biofilm bacteria were exposed to Amoxicillin+clavulanate, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Doxycycline, and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medications for 1 week. Finally bacterial samples were collected, and colony-forming units were enumerated.Results: SEM examination confirmed the formation of a mature biofilm at the end of the incubation period. All the chemotherapeutic agents used were significantly better than Calcium hydroxide in elimination of biofilm bacteria. The antimicrobial effect of Amoxicillin + clavulanate, Ciprofloxacin and Clindamycin was significantly better than Doxycycline (P=.05). However the difference in the antimicrobial effectiveness among them was statistically non-significant (P=.05).Conclusions: The method used for bacterial biofilm development and maturation is reliable and can be used to assess the anti bacterial potential of endodontic materials. Also, the local application of antibacterial agents can be beneficial in resistant cases of apical periodontitis but only after careful culture and sensitivity testing to choose the appropriate agent for the existing flora. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:43-50)