The use of herbal medicine is increasingly becoming more accepted in treatment of many inflammatory conditions. Omega-3 is recently introduced as an effective therapeutic agent and a powerful anti-inflammatory agent, which promotes whole-body wound healing including ulcers as it has an important role in modulation of proinflammatory cytokine production. This study was conductedto evaluate and compare the effect of topicalapplication and systemic administration of omega-3 on the healing of oral mucosal wounds which wereexperimentally induced in albino rats. The experiment comprised 45 albino rats which were divided into 3 groups (n= 15 per group); control group not receiving any treatment(C) group (L) receiving topical application of omega3, and group(S) receiving systemic omega3; 5 rats from each group were sacrificed at day 2, 4 and 8 respectively. Tissue samples were obtained and prepared for histological and biochemical evaluations. The data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey statistical analysis with the previously performed tests of normality and homogeneity. The biochemical results showed significant improvement regarding TNF-α and IL8-levels after 4 and 8 days in both groups compared to the control. The topical omega3 group showed better results than the systemic with significant differences at 4& 8 days inTNF-α while for IL8 the difference was only significantafter 8 days. The histological results revealed severe epithelial degeneration and inflammation in the lamina propria after 2 days whether using local or systemic treatment however increase reepithelialization gradually increased at 4 days and an even thickness of the epitheliumwas noted by the end of day 8. Conclusion:Omega 3 greatly enhanced ulcer healing and showed superior effects using topical application.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) affords high-quality image with a relatively low radiation doses and low costs. It is considered as a valuable tool in endodontic field as it determines root morphology, number of roots, canals and accessory canals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the permanent mandibular anterior teeth canal morphology in Egyptian subpopulation. Materials and Methods:A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this study and were assigned in two groups (50 females and 50 males). In each group centrals, laterals and canines of both sides were examined (100 centrals, 100 laterals and 100 canines). CBCT Images were obtained using J Morita CBCT unit and canals were categorized into the five types of Vertucci's classification. The observer evaluated the images twice with one-week interval between assessments.Results: Type I Vertucci configuration was the most prevalent configuration in our sample and the incidence of this type was slightly higher in female than male samples. Furthermore, type III and V Vertucci configuration were slightly more in males than females. Conclusion:In the present study it was concluded that the root and root canal morphology of Egyptian subpopulation was, in general, comparable to that of other populations and that the incidence of canal variations might occur as a result of ethnicity more than gender.

Omega-3 was recently introduced as an effective therapeutic agent and a powerful antiinflammatory agent, which promotes whole-body wound healing including ulcers as it has an important role in modulation of proinflammatory cytokine production. Aim of study: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of topical application and systemic administration of omega-3 on the healing of oral mucosal wounds which were experimentally induced in albino rats. Materials & Methods: The experiment comprised 45 albino rats which were divided into 3 groups (n= 15 per group); control group (C) not receiving any treatment, group (L) receiving topical application of omega-3, and group (S) receiving systemic omega-3, 5 rats from each group were sacrificed at day 2, 4 and 8 respectively. Tissue samples were obtained and prepared for histological and biochemical evaluations.The data obtained were statistical analyzed and compared. Results: Biochemical results showed significant improvement regarding TNF-α and IL-8 level after 4 and 8 days in local and systemic groups compared to the control. The topical omega-3 group showed better results than the systemic with significant differences in TNF-α after 2 and 4 days, while for IL-8 the difference was only significant after 8 days. The histological results in both local and systemic treated groups after 2 days revealed inflammation and epithelial degeneration which gradually reepithelized by 4 to 8 days. Conclusion: Omega-3 greatly enhanced oral ulcer healing and showed superior effects using topical application.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, lifelong metabolic disorder. Impaired wound healing capabilities in both cutaneous and oral ulceration was denoted among diabetic patients. Topical treatments include natural therapeutic products as oxidized regenerated cellulose/collagen, hyaluronic acid conjugated with glycidyl methacrylate or gelatin dressings and insulin. Different studies have proved the efficacy of topical insulin on skin ulcers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topical insulin on oral ulcers in diabetic and non-diabetic rats through histological examinations. Material and methods: 48 male albino rats were used in this study, rat population was divided into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Each group was subdivided into test subgroup treated by insulin and control subgroup treated by placebo. Histological examination was performed to rats sacrificed after 2, 7 and 14 days. Results: Better healing was observed in nondiabetic groups compared to diabetic groups. Improved healing was noticed in groups treated by insulin manifested by hyperplastic orthokeratinized epithelium with prominent granular cell layer, while ulceration was still denoted in the groups treated by plecebo. Conclusion: From the present study, it was concluded that topical insulin can be considered as a safe and effective treatment modality for oral ulcers.