During 2013–2015, prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in war-affected Waziristan areas was 3.61% by PCR. Youths (1–15 years of age) were more susceptible. Internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis identified Leishmania tropica in 215 samples and Leishmania major in 6 samples.

Background and Purpose Diabetes mellitus has been reported as a strong independent risk factor for stroke recurrence. Data on the modifiable factors contributing to the recurrence of stroke in type 2 diabetic Malaysian population with a history of stroke stratified by genders are lacking, and this supports the importance of this study. Method The data of 4622 patients with T2DM who had a history of stroke was obtained from the Malaysian National Stroke Registry. Univariate analysis was performed to differentiate between genders with and without stroke recurrence in terms of demographics, first stroke attack presentations, and other clinical characteristics. The significant factors determined from the univariate analysis were further investigated using logistic regression. Results Ischemic heart diseases were found significantly associated with the stroke recurrence in males (OR = 1.738; 95% CI: 1.071-2.818) as well as female (OR = 5.859; 95% CI: 2.469-13.752) diabetic patients. The duration of hypertension, as well as the duration of diabetes, has been associated with the recurrence in both male and female subjects (p value < 0.05). Smoking status has an impact on the stroke recurrence in male subjects, while no significant association was observed among their peers. Conclusions Most of the predictive factors contributing to the recurrence of stroke in type 2 diabetic Malaysian population with a history of stroke are modifiable, in which IHD was the most prominent risk factor in both genders. The impact of optimizing the management of IHD as well as blood glucose control on stroke recurrence may need to be elucidated. No major differences in recurrent stroke predictors were seen between genders among the Malaysian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had a previous history of stroke.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of mobile health augmented cardiac rehabilitation (MCard) on behavioural factors among post-acute coronary syndrome (post-ACS) patients. Study Design: Randomised controlled trial.

Objectives-To evaluate the results of implantation of Wiktor tantalum wire coronary stents in stenosed or occluded coronary vessels or in saphenous vein bypass grafts. Design-A retrospective analysis of clinical and angiographic data from patients treated with tantalum wire stents implanted by one operator at two centres.Patiens-52 patients undergoing conventional balloon angioplasty had 67 lesions treated by stents after acute or threatened closure of the target vessel, or because the lesions concerned were considered to be at particularly high risk of becoming restenosed, or because the result of primary angioplasty was inadequate.Results-65 of the 67 lesions were successfully stented although in two cases the first attempt failed and a second stent was then implanted successfully. There were no cases of stent occlusion and no myocardial infarctions in hospital or in the follow up period of 1-20 months. Eight patients had haemorrhagic complications that were minor in 4. One patient later had coronary bypass surgery after failure to stent a lesion. Angiographi_ follow up at a mean of 6 months after stenting showed restenosis associated with 4 of 47 stents studied. All patients with chest pain had-had repeat angiography, and 84% of those without symptoms also agreed to reinvestigation after about 6 months.Conclusions-The Wiktor tantalum wire stent is an effective means of treating acute complications during angioplasty and seems to offer hope of a significant reduction in the rate of late restenosis in both native coronary vessels and saphenous vein bypass grafts. A prospective comparison of balloon angioplasty and stenting is needed. (Br HeartJ 1994;72:288-293) Transluminal coronary angioplasty is now established as a routine treatment for patients with suitable coronary obstructive lesions and appropriate clinical indications for intervention. The technique has also been used successfully in patients with stenosis or recent occlusion in coronary bypass grafts. Several problems remain to be solved, however, including the optimal ways of managing acute complications of angioplasty such as actual or impending occlusion, dissection, or inadequate result of dilatation. A high rate of restenosis is also a common feature in follow up angiographic studies and this seems to be particularly troublesome in bypass grafts. Attempts to deal with these problems have included the use of intracoronary stents of which a number of different designs are available. Initial experience with the Wiktor tantalum wire stent confirmed its value as a bail out manoeuvre for acute angioplasty complications,' 2 but its use was associated with subacute stent occlusion and a rate of restenosis comparable with that seen after balloon angioplasty. We report here our experience of the use of Wiktor stents (Medtronic) in a series of patients treated by a single operator with a standardised protocol for treatment before, during, and after the implantation procedure.

This paper analyses the vulnerabilities exist in SIP protocol, and how these vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers to attack the SIP based networks i.e VoIP and IMS [IP Multimedia Subsystem]. An attack tool is developed to exploit those vulnerabilities and a two-gram self learning solution is proposed to protect SIP based networks from these attacks.