Purpose The paper aims at examining the influences of the elements of fraud diamond on the asset misappropriation within the banking industry of Iran. Primary data were collected through 191 survey questionnaires administered among employees of the top three banks in Iran, which own above 60 per cent of market shares in the banking industry of the country. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected through 191 survey questionnaires administered among employees of the top three banks in Iran, which own above 60 per cent of market shares in the banking industry of the country. Findings Results strongly supported that all four elements of fraud risk significantly influence bank employee asset misappropriation in Iran. To minimize employee fraud, the banking industry should reduce opportunities and employee negative rationalization through strong internal control. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study are useful for policymakers, bank managers, industry practitioners and academics to understand and subsequently implement strategies to mitigate asset misappropriation. Practical implications Managerial implications, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also included in this paper. Originality/value The main value of this paper is the determination of the key variables that constitute the fraud diamond theory and its dimensions on the asset misappropriation within the banking industry in Iran.

Abstract. This study examines the relationships between financial distress and financial ratio (liquidity, leverage, profitability, firm's performance, and dividend) among public listed companies, using the Altman Z-Score to determine the financial distress levels among public listed companies in Malaysia. Five-year data has been collected (2010 to 2014) from the annual financial statements and from Data Stream of public listed companies in Malaysia. The findings indicate significant relationships between liquidity, leverage, profitability, firm's performance, and dividend with the financial distress levels among the companies in question. This study also examines the interaction effects of financial ratios and the year after implementation of the Malaysian Code on Soheil Kazemian, Noor Shauri, Zuraidah Sanusi, Amrizah Kamaluddin, Shuhaida Shuhdan Monitoring mechanisms and financial distress of public listed companies in Malaysia 93Corporate Governance (MCCG) in 2012 on financial distress levels. The results suggest that only liquidity and firm's performance have stronger effects on financial distress levels in two years after MCCG implementation. This indicates that after the implementation of the Code, liquidity and firms' performance ratios had strong and significant effect on financial distress levels. Overall, this study could help investors, creditors as well as external regulators in monitoring companies from being classified as financially distressed companies.

No abstract

No abstract

Purpose This study aims to examine the three dimensions of market orientation, namely, customer orientation, competitor orientation and inter-function coordination, which influence the accountability in the financial and social performance of tourism operators in large touristic cities. Design/methodology/approach In total, 95 usable questionnaires as the required data were collected from the top managers of four- and five-star hotels in Iran. Findings Partial least squares (PLS) results confirm that customer orientation and inter-function coordination influence both the financial and social performance of the hospitality sector yet reveal that competitor orientation has no significant relationship with social performance. Research limitations/implications These findings not only highlight the compatibility of PLS with various forms of statistical analyzes but also furthers the current understanding of hospitality networks in megacity economies, where literature are scarce. Practical implications The findings of this study can help policymakers, tourism associations and practitioners enhance the accountability and sustainable financial and social performance of the hospitality industry in megacities. This study proposes some unique measurements for the social and financial performance of the hospitality sectors. Originality/value The paper states some new measurements for the social performance of the hospitality sectors. In addition, measuring the impacts of market orientation on the financial and social aspects of hotels is totally unique.