PurposeThere is an increasing prevalence of obesity and dramatic decline in physical activity among American youth, including children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Little is known regarding the causes of decreased physical activity, impact on health, and relationship of decreased physical activity and obesity to other cardiovascular risk factors. We sought to evaluate behavioral and environmental variables as determining factors for physical activity and obesity in children with CHD.MethodsHealthy children and children with CHD, aged 6-13 years old, were recruited. Children with CHD were further subdivided into CHD I (after repair without significant residual limitations) and CHD II (after palliative procedure with residual limitations). Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist, Child Vulnerability Scale, and Parent Protection Scale. Children completed a Physical Activity Determinants Questionnaire. Chi-square tests and linear regression were used for data analysis.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the healthy subjects and those with CHD in Child Behavior Checklist subcategories of withdrawal, anxiety/depression, thought problems, delinquency, somatic problems, social problems, attention problems, and aggression. There was no difference in parent overprotection between healthy patients and those with CHD I and CHD II using the Parent Protection Scale. CHD II children were perceived as more vulnerable by parents than healthy subjects on the Childhood Vulnerability Scale (p = .02). Perceived child vulnerability correlates well with parent overprotection among subjects with CHD (p = .01) but not in the healthy group. Child vulnerability also correlates with body mass index (BMI) in healthy subjects (p = .05) but not in CHD groups. Self-efficacy for physical activity has significant correlation with BMI in all study subjects (p = .05).ConclusionParents of children with CHD consider their children more vulnerable and perceived vulnerability is associated with parent overprotection. Higher child vulnerability is also associated with higher BMIs. Parental overprotection may lead to physical activity restriction in some children. Therefore, perception of child vulnerability and parental overprotection in children with CHD may represent a risk factor for physical inactivity and, ultimately, towards development of obesity.

Introducción. Las mujeres con depresión y ansiedad prenatal pueden sufrir problemas en su funcionamiento social, retraimiento emocional y excesiva preocupación por su habilidad futura para ejercer el rol materno. Objetivo. Identificar y describir los hallazgos reportados sobre los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de depresión y ansiedad prenatal, las consecuencias para la madre y su descendencia, las explicaciones teóricas que abordan su génesis, mantenimiento y las estrategias de atención en salud. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos y fuentes de información: Pub Med, EBSCO Host, Scielo, Redalyc y Google Scholar, de artículos publicados entre 1995 y 2015, empleando los términos “depression during pregnancy”, “antenatal anxiety”, “perinatal mental health”, y “prenatal anxiety” entre otros, se seleccionaron artículos que reportaran el riesgos e impactos en la salud de la madre y su descendencia, explicaciones teóricas sobre génesis y mantenimiento de la depresión y ansiedad. Resultados. El principal factor de riesgo identificado es una historia previa de ansiedad y/o depresión; entre los efectos negativos para la salud del bebe se destacan restricción en el crecimiento fetal, bajo peso al nacer, parto prematuro y a futuro problemas emocionales y conductuales del niño. Las estrategias de acción comprenden el diseño de guías y protocolos de atención clínica que permiten identificar las mujeres en riesgo y las que ya presentan una sintomatología media o severa. Conclusiones. Los anteriores resultados ponen en evidencia la necesidad de implementar estrategias de acción que permitan la identificación temprana de poblaciones en riesgo. [Mojica-Perilla M, Redondo-Rodríguez S, Osma-Zambrano SE. Depresión y ansiedad prenatal: una revisión de la literatura. MedUNAB. 2019;22(2):200-212. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2820]