ALCNO 14, s/n, bloco II, sala 4, Brasil,O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de frutas in natura, porém, por serem perecíveis, grande parte dessas frutas sofre deterioração em poucos dias, tendo sua comercialização dificultada, especialmente a longas distâncias. A produção de polpas de frutas congeladas tem se destacado como uma importante alternativa para o aproveitamento dos frutos durante a safra, permitindo a estocagem das polpas fora da época de produção dos frutos in natura (BRUNINI; DURIGAN;OLIVEIRA, 2002).Segundo a legislação brasileira do Ministério da Agricultura, polpa é o produto não fermentado, não concentrado ou diluído, obtido pelo esmagamento de frutos polposos (BRASIL, 2000). Além disso, devem ser preparadas com frutas sãs, limpas, isentas de matéria terrosa, de parasitas e detritos de animais ou vegetais. Não deverão conter fragmentos das partes não comestíveis da fruta, nem substâncias estranhas à sua composição normal, devendo ser observada também a presença ou ausência de sujidades, parasitas e larvas (SANTOS et al., 2004).A maior parte da microbiota presente nas frutas reside em sua parte externa, sendo o seu interior praticamente estéril, a menos que haja uma ruptura em alguma parte da casca. As frutas e seus derivados são em geral alimentos ácidos e a elevada acidez restringe a microbiota deterioradora, especialmente os microrganismos patogênicos. A microbiota normalmente presente constitui-se em bolores, leveduras, bactérias lácticas e outros microrganismos ácido tolerantes como bactérias acé-ticas, Zymomonas e algumas espécies de Bacillus (SIQUEIRA; BORGES, 1997). A microbiota que contamina os produtos de frutas é normalmente proveniente das condições da matéria-prima e da lavagem à qual estas são submetidas, além das condições higiênico-sanitárias dos manipuladores, equipamentos e ambiente industrial em geral.A ANVISA, através da Instrução Normativa nº 12 de 10/09/99, regulamentou os padrões de identidade e as características mínimas de qualidade para polpas de frutas destinadas ao consumo como bebida, estabelecendo valores máximos de 1 NMP.g -1 de coliformes e 5 x 10 3 UFC.g -1 de bolores e leveduras. A resolução RDC nº 12, de 02/01/2001, que estabelece os padrões microbiológicos para alimentos, estabelece valor máximo de 10 2 UFC.g -1 para coliformes termotolerantes, porém não estabelece padrões para bolores e leveduras.Atualmente, o mercado de polpas tem apresentado expressivo crescimento, com grande potencial mercadológico, especialmente pela variedade de frutas e sabores agradáveis. Porém, a grande variedade de sabores não contemplados na legislação, aliado ao crescimento do mercado informal, podem AbstractNinety-eight frozen pulps samples of eight different flavors commercialized in the city of Palmas, State of Tocantins, Brazil, were submitted to pH and microbiological analysis. The microbiological analysis included counts for total and termotolerant coliforms (MPN.g .
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFLA CA1174 was evaluated for its potential to produce an orange spirit, as a possible alternative to reduce waste and increase income to citrus farmers. The sugar concentration of the orange juice was adjusted to 16ºBrix and the pH to 4.5. The orange juice was inoculated at approximately 7 log CFU/mL, and the fermentation was performed at room temperature until ºBrix stabilization. The yeast used showed high values for the conversion factors of the substrates into ethanol (Y p/s 0.50 g/g), the volumetric productivity of ethanol (Q p 1.78 g/L/h), the biomass productivity (P x 58.47 g/g) and the fermentation efficiency (E f 97.83%). The sugars were converted quickly, and a high ethanol concentration (58.13 g/L) was achieved after 24 h of fermentation. The orange wine was distilled in a copper alembic, and the head, heart and tail fractions were collected. The orange spirit produced (heart fraction) had high concentrations of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol. The results showed that orange juice could be a good substrate for fermentation and distillation, and the sensory analysis performed revealed that the produced beverage had good acceptance by the tasters.
A total of 137 yeasts associated with the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 were characterized, being selected 93 for analysis. Twenty four species belonging to seven genera (Candida, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, Tremella, Trichosporon, Pichia) were isolated from the different analysed material. The genus Candida was widely distributed, with C. homilentoma, C. colliculosa-like, C. famata and C. colliculosa being the most prevalent. A few isolates did not fit the standard descriptions and probably some of them could be new biotypes or even new species. Three strains of black yeasts were also isolated, and four other were identified as being Candida spp. The effective number of yeast species was higher in newer sponge. The origin, distribution and relative importance of these microorganisms for the ants are discussed.
Killer activity was screened in 99 yeast strains isolated from the nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens against 6 standard sensitive strains, as well as against each other. Among this yeast community killer activity was widespread since 77 strains (78%) were able to kill or inhibit the growth of at least one standard strain or nest strain. Toxin production was observed in representatives of all the studied genera including Aureobasidium, Rhodotorula, Tremella and Trichosporon, whose killer activity has not yet been described.
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