Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya racun ekstrak umbi gadung (Discorea hispida Dennst) terhadap hama keong emas (Pomacea sp.) dan ikan lele (Clarias sp.). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Balai Proteksi Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura, Gadingrejo, Kabupaten Pringsewu pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2016. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan kelompok teracak sempurna (RKTS), dalam percobaan terhadap keong emas dengan 3 ulangan. Sebagai perlakuan adalah 7 taraf ekstrak umbi gadung yaitu P0 (0 g/l), P1 (5 g/l), P2 (10 g/l), P3 (15 g/l), P4 (20 g/l), P5 (25g/l) dan P6 (30 g/l). Percobaan terhadap ikan lele dengan 4 ulangan. Percobaan perlakuan adalah 5 taraf ekstrak umbi gadung yaitu P0 (0 g/l), P1 (2,5 g/l), P2 (5 g/l), P3 (7,5 g/l) dan P4 (10 g/l).Data diolah dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Data dari uji daya racun tersebut dianalisis dengananalisis probit menggunakan SPSS version 23 for windows. Rata-rata daya racun (LT-50) dan (LC-50) ditentukan dengan taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak umbi gadung bersifat lebih toksik terhadap ikan lele dibandingkan keong emas, hal ini ditunjukkan oleh besarnya LT-50 dan LC-50. Nilai LT-50 ekstrak umbi gadung terhadap keong emas pada konsentrasi 30 g/l (2,5 hari) dan pada konsentrasi 5 g/l (13,9 hari), sedangkan nilai LC-50nya adalah (0,024 g/l). Nilai LT-50 ekstrak umbi gadung terhadap ikan lele pada konsentrasi 10 g/l (1,9 hari) dan pada konsentrasi 2,5 g/l (4,8 hari), sedangkan nilai LC-50nya adalah (0,005 g/l).

Background Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest causing severe damage to many cultivating plants such as corn worldwide, including Indonesia. This study was performed to obtain and identify entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) of S. litura collected from corn fields in 4 corn producing regions of Lampung, Indonesia, as well as to investigate the damage caused by this pest on corn in Lampung Province. Results Three corn fields in each region were selected for collecting soil samples. Soil samples were collected from 5 corn plant rhizospheres, at each field in six months of survey. Ten larvae of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) were laid on each soil sample as a bait, covered with a filter paper and incubated at room temperature. The emerging fungi from T. molitor cadaver were transferred onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and incubated for 7 days at room temperature. Pathogenicity test was determined against 3rd instar of S. litura larvae. Identification was performed based on the sequence of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region. Observations on the corn damage caused by S. litura were conducted at all corn producing areas in Lampung. Twelve fungal isolates were obtained causing 0–75% of mortality of S. litura. Four fungal isolates (NKPT, SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ), which caused mortality more than 20%, were further identified. One isolate (NKPT) was confirmed as Beauveria bassiana and the other 3 isolates (SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ) were Aspergillus oryzae. S. litura generally caused slight damages to the corn which was found in every observation year performed during 2010–2019. Medium plant damage was observed in 2010–2012 and 2018–2019, severe damage was found in 2011 and crop failure was recorded in 2018. Conclusions Aspergillus oryzae and B. bassiana were the EPF recorded infecting S. litura in corn in Lampung Province. This was the first report on the isolates of A. oryzae as EPF of S. litura in Indonesia. Slight damages with S. litura were always recorded in every observation year but not for those of medium and severe damages and crop failure.

In the subject of railway operation, predicting railway passenger volume has always been a hot topic. Accurately forecasting railway passenger volume is the foundation for railway transportation companies to optimize transit efficiency and revenue. The goal of this research is to use a combination of the fuzzy time series approach based on the rate of change algorithm and the Holt double exponential smoothing method to forecast the number of train passengers. In contrast to prior investigations, we focus primarily on determining the next time period in this research. The fuzzy time series is employed as the forecasting basis, the rate of change is used to build the set of universes, and the Holt's double exponential smoothing method is utilized to forecast the following period in this case study. The number of railway passengers predicted for January 2020 is 38199, with a tiny average forecasting error rate of 0.89 percent and a mean square error of 131325. It can also help rail firms identify future passenger needs, which can be used to decide whether to expand train cars or run new trains, as well as how to distribute tickets.

Class Action Research was motivated by a lack of courage and ask the students of class VII student achievement SMP 2 Patean Kendal especially Class VII-A. To overcome this problem researchers use a learning Think Pair Share (TPS) aided media quiz game Who's He (KSD). Formulation of the problem in this study were (1) Is the TPS-assisted learning media KSD game on triangular and quadrilateral material can increase the courage to ask students and student achievement class VII-A SMP Negeri 2 Patean Semester II Academic Year 2014/2015 ?; (2) Is the TPS-assisted learning media KSD game on triangular and quadrilateral material for students of classes VII-A SMP Negeri 2 Patean Semester II Academic Year 2014/2015 can achieve mastery programmed? To address the above problems, it is done classroom action research conducted in two (2) cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collected through observation, interview and test. The subjects were students of class VII-A SMP Negeri 2 Patean Kendal totaling 27 students with a composition of 16 boys and 11 female student. The study was conducted in January to June 2015. The indicators in this study were (1) More than 75% of students courage students to ask bold minimal category; (2) The average value of student achievement of at least 75; (3) More than 75% of students reach the minimum learning achievement KKM is 75. The results showed that the students' courage to ask the brave minimal category increased 34%, from the initial conditions as much as 44% increased to 63% in the first cycle and 78% in Cycle II. The average value of student achievement has increased 23 from the average value of learning achievement in the initial conditions 59 to 72 in the first cycle and 82 in the second cycle. Likewise mastery learning has increased 41%, from the initial conditions of 37% rising to 67% in the first cycle and 78% in Cycle II. The conclusion of this Class Action Research is a learning Think Pair Share (TPS) game media aided KSD on triangular and quadrilateral material can increase the courage to ask students and student achievement class VII-A SMP Negeri 2 Patean Semester II Academic Year 2014/2015.   Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keberanian siswa bertanya dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Patean Kendal terutama kelas VII-A. Untuk mengatasinya peneliti menggunakan pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantuan media permainan Kuis Siapa Dia (KSD). Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Apakah pembelajaran TPS berbantuan media permainan KSD pada materi segitiga dan segiempat dapat meningkatkan keberanian siswa bertanya dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VII-A SMP Negeri 2 Patean Semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015?; (2) Apakah pembelajaran TPS berbantuan media permainan KSD pada materi segitiga dan segiempat  bagi siswa kelas VII-A SMP Negeri 2 Patean Semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015 dapat mencapai ketuntasan yang diprogram? Untuk membahas permasalahan di atas, maka dilakukan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 (dua) siklus, masing-masing terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kegiatan observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII-A SMP Negeri 2 Patean Kendal yang berjumlah 27 siswa dengan komposisi 16 siswa putra dan 11 siswa putri. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Juni 2015. Indikator dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Lebih dari 75% siswa keberanian siswa bertanya pada kategori minimal berani; (2) Rata-rata nilai prestasi belajar siswa minimal 75; (3) Lebih dari 75% siswa prestasi belajar mencapai batas minimal KKM yaitu 75. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberanian siswa bertanya dengan kategori minimal berani mengalami peningkatan 34%, dari kondisi awal sebanyak 44% meningkat menjadi 63% pada Siklus I dan 78% pada Siklus II. Rata-rata nilai prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan 23 dari rata-rata nilai prestasi belajar pada kondisi awal 59 menjadi 72 pada Siklus I dan 82 pada Siklus II. Demikian juga ketuntasan belajar mengalami peningkatan 41%, dari kondisi awal 37% meningkat menjadi 67% pada Siklus I dan 78%  pada Siklus II. Kesimpulan dari Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini adalah pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantuan media permainan KSD pada materi segitiga dan segiempat dapat meningkatkan keberanian siswa bertanya dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VII-A SMP Negeri 2 Patean Semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015.

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