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https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjpp-pubs Abstract:Clinical use of zoledronate is accompanied with osteonecrosis of the jaw but the pathogenesis is not well understood. We assumed that zoledronate may have cytotoxicity against stem cells of the oral cavity, and in this way helps to initiate or promoting osteonecrosis.Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and gingival fibroblasts (GFs) were isolated from volunteers who were undergoing third molar extraction. The proliferation of DPSCs and GFs was evaluated using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay. Effect of zoledronate on apoptosis was determined by propidium iodide staining and western blotting analysis.Incubation with zoledronate for 72 h and 7 days, significantly decreased proliferation of DPSCs and GFs at concentrations more than 0.4 µM (P < 0.001). The IC 50 of zoledronate was lower for DPSCs than GFs (0.92 µM versus 3.5 µM for 7 days treatment). After 72 h treatment with zoledronate, percent of apoptotic DPSCs significantly increased which was accompanied by increased level of pro-apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and Bax, and decreased the level of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2.In conclusion, zoledronate has antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in DPSCs. These effects may involve in promoting zoledronate-induced osteonecrosis and suggest an unfavorable impact of this drug on regenerative potentials of the body stem cells.

Objectives:: The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the recombinant chimer present in the lactoferrampin-lactoferricin [LFA-LFC] derived from the camel milk on some oral bacteria responsible for dental caries and endodontic failures. Methods and Materials:: The antimicrobial activity was assessed on the Streptococcus mutans [ATCC 35668], Streptococcus salivarius [ATCC 9222], Streptococcus oralis [ATCC 35037], and Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC 29212], using the microbroth dilution method. The cytotoxicity analysis was done through the MTT method on the human gingival fibroblasts. The data were reported using the descriptive methods, and were analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Results:: Results showed that the chimeric peptide had the highest bacteriostatic effect on S. salivarius with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration value of 1.22 μg/Ml. Also, LFA-LFC chimer was more effective against S. mutans and S. salivarius compared to using 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. The minimum bactericidal concentration analysis showed the most bactericidal effect against S. mutans [1.256 μg/mL]. In spite of greater antibacterial effect on the evaluated streptococci, this peptide showed the lower bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties against E. faecalis compared to the chlorhexidine. Based on cytotoxicity assay, over 50% of the cells were viable in all the evaluation times demonstrating the biocompatibility of the peptide. Conclusion:: The LFA-LFC chimer revealed comparable or even more effective antibacterial properties compared to the chlorhexidine against the caries-inducing bacteria with no toxicity on the human gingival fibroblast cells. So, this peptide can be used as a safe alternative to the chlorhexidine and other chemicals in the dental applications for prevention and management of the dental caries.

Background This study was conducted aimed at evaluating the antibacterial property of the recombinant peptide of bacteriocin entrocin P (EnP), the essential oil of Cuminum cyminum, and the extract of Ferulago angulata on some oral pathogens. Besides, the cytotoxicity of EnP was evaluated. Material and Methods The antimicrobial property was tested on streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35668), streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 9222), streptococcus oralis (ATCC 35037), and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), using the microbroth dilution method. The 0.2% Chlorhexidin (CHX) mouthwash was used as the control group. Besides, the cytotoxicity analysis was done on gingival fibroblasts by the MTT colorimetric method. The data were reported using descriptive methods, and analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s HSD test. Results The strongest bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of C. cyminum and F. angulata were observed for S.mutans and S. oralis , respectively (with the MIC and MBC value being 62.5 μg/mL). The antibacterial properties of EnP were comparable to those of CHX, being several times stronger than medicinal plants (1-14 μg/mL). Based on the cytotoxicity evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference observed between the cytotoxicity of the control group and that of Enp for three evaluations, except after 72 hours when the cell viability at the concentration of 3.75 µg/ml was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P =0.05). However, no concentration of EnP was observed to be over 50% of the growth inhibition (IC50) of the fibroblasts for the three evaluations. Conclusions EnP could be utilized in dental materials as a natural and safe antimicrobial agent against oral streptococci and E. faecalis, being as effective as CHX mouthwash. Key words: Antimicrobial peptide, Bacteriocin Entrocin P, Chlorhexidine, Cuminum cyminum, Enterococcus faecalis, Ferulago angulata.