health psychology report • volume 8(1),  original article background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent in children, adolescents and adults. It can occur alone or in comorbidity with other disorders. A broad range of psychotherapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) have been developed for the treatment of PTSD. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder. participants and procedure The population of this investigation was composed of 450 veterans of holy war who referred to military health services. The study sample contained 225 veterans who were randomly selected and asked to complete the Mississippi Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire. From 80 respondents who achieved above the minimum score in the questionnaire, 40 persons were chosen randomly and assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Subjects in the experimental group received eight sessions of CBT training and 8 sessions of EMDR therapy. Post tests were taken from all participants after therapy sessions. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA in SPSS version 25. results Our findings indicated a significant difference between EMDR and CBT groups in term of average PTSD. We also found a significant difference in terms of average PTSD between the control group and CBT as well as EMDR groups. conclusions The results of the present study indicated that the eye movement desensitization reprocessing method and cognitive behavioral therapy are effective in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder. We also found that EMDR is more effective than CBT.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the disorders of the central nervous system which creates many challenges for the psychological adjustment of patients all over the world. Objectives:This research was performed to demonstrate the effect of positive group-psychotherapy on reducing the psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress) and improving the quality of life in women with MS. Materials & Methods: The method of this research is quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group. A total of 30 women were selected through a convenient sampling method from the patients of the MS-Society of Guilan Province, Iran. Then, they and randomly divided into 2 equal groups (experimental and control). The study data were collected through Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale‐29 (MSIS) questionnaires. The intervention process was performed for the experimental group as 8 training sessions of 90 minutes long. The obtained data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS V. 24. Results: The analysis showed that positive group-psychotherapy significantly modified the depression, anxiety, stress (F=39.13, P<0.001), and quality of life (F=50.44, P<0.001) in the experimental group. Conclusion: Positive group-psychotherapy can be used as an effective and efficient psychotherapy method to reduce and improve the psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress) of women with multiple sclerosis and improve their quality of life.

Background & objectives:Suicidal thoughts have been found to be associated with a wide variety of factors. A key factor is a history of childhood and family adversity. Previous studies have shown that troubled romantic relationships are associated with higher risk factors for mental health. Also, evidence suggests that those who have a secure attachment styles in childhood have fewer symptoms of psychopathology and higher psychosocial functioning throughout the lifespan (especially romantic relationship) compared to individuals with an insecure attachment style. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of emotional failure and attachment styles in predicting suicidal thoughts among university students of Azad university of Ardabil. Methods: In this study, descriptive and correlational design was defined as a research method. The statistical population of this study was all university students of the Ardabil Azad University, who studied in the academic year of 2018 (N=4231). The sample consisted of 80 people who were selected by purposive sampling. Beck's suicidal thoughts questionnaire, Simpson's attachment style questionnaire and Ross's love hit questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis. Results: The results of the research showed that emotional failure (r=0.35) and unsafe attachment style (r=0.23) had a positive correlation with suicidal thoughts, and secure attachment style (-0.40) had a significant negative correlation with suicidal thoughts (p<0.01). The results of regression analysis showed that 12 percent of the variance of suicidal thoughts can be predicted by emotional failure and 25 percent by attachment styles. Secure attachment style (β=3.35), emotional failure (β=3.35) and insecure attachment style (β=3.3) were the most effective factors in the prediction of suicidal thoughts, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study emphasized that attachment styles (secure and unsafe) and severity of emotional failure are good predictors of suicidal thoughts among university students.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) on situational emotions (SEs) and temperament/character dimensions among probationary university students. The research method was experimental with pretest-posttest. The statistical population was undergraduate probationary students at University of Zanjan during the academic year 2018-2019 whom 40 were selected through stratified sampling method and assigned randomly into experimental and control groups (20 members in each group). Both groups underwent pre-test and post-test procedures. Members of the experimental group received a series of five sessions (each session was 120 minutes long) of MI per week of the procedure, whereas the members of the control group received no intervention. Short form of situational emotions scale and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125) employed for data collection. The results of data analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that MI had a significant effect on components of SEs (interest, well-being and boredom), so that it increased interest and well-being and decreased boredom, whereas it had no significant effects on temperament / character dimensions among probationary university students (P<.05). Therefore, one can conclude that MI can be used to improve the academic performance of probationary University students.