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Heat sensors and thermal probes have been employed to determine the thermal properties (viz. thermal flux, thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity and volumetric heat capacity/specific heat) of geomaterials (viz. soils and rocks) in both laboratory and in situ conditions. However, the applicability of these methods for different types of geomaterials and the influence of the inherent properties of the sensors on the obtained results are still a matter of concern. Hence, it becomes essential to review conventional and state-of-the-art methods that can be used to determine these properties of geomaterials along with their advantages and limitations. In addition to this study, a review of different sensors and probes and the influence of various specific characteristics of geomaterials (viz. morphology, mineralogy, pore structure, microbial aspect, organic content and material heterogeneity) on their thermal response is discussed. It is highlighted that the mineralogy and pore structure of geomaterials have a significant influence on their thermal response.