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The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of mycotic mastitis in different mammary gland statuses. The study was conducted on 304 dairy cows from ten farms in two north-eastern regions in Algeria; Guelma and Souk Ahras with 922 and 199 samples, respectively, forming thus a total number of 1,121 milk samples. A total of 321 milk samples were collected from clinical mastitis, 544 milk samples from subclinical mastitis and 256 milk samples from healthy mammary glands. Mycological analyses revealed that 10.17% of the treated samples were positive recording 114 species of fungi including 88 yeasts and 26 moulds. The most frequent species was Candida kefyr followed by C. albicans, C. guilliermondii, C. famata, C. tropicalis, C. colliculosa, C. krusei, C. rugosa, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. inconspicua, Trichosporon sp., Rhodotorula glutinis and Saccharomyces fragilis. Mould species have also been isolated from samples of both healthy milk and clinical mastitis milk. Aspergillus amstelodami (from glaucus group), A. fumigatus and Geotrichum candidum were identified, while the other species including Penicillium sp. and Cladosporium sp. were not identified.

The present study aimed to investigate the acaricidal properties of six essential oils. They were extracted from some plant species (Lamiaceae and Myrtaceae) using the technique of hydrodistillation with the Clevenger apparatus. The chemical compositions of the essential oils under study were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC-MS). An Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and a Larval Immersion Test (LIT) were used to evaluate the acaricidal activity of these essential oils against the adults and larvae of Hyalomma scupense. GC-MS analysis showed the major constituents of each essential oil: 25.49% of α-thujone (lavender); 46.82% of carvacrol (oregano); 78.78% of carvacrol (thyme); 40.27% of 1,8-cineole (blue gum); 17.45% of p-cymene (river red gum); and 26.96% of 1,8-cineole (rosemary). The biotests on the essential oils revealed that they inhibit the reproduction of H. scupense engorged females at a rate of 100 % with doses of 0.781 μl/ml of rosemary, 1.562 μl/ml of thyme, 3.125 μl/ml of lavender and oregano, and 6.250 μl/ml of blue gum and river red gum. After a treatment that lasted for 24 hours, essential oils showed a larvicidal activity with respective values of lethal concentrations (LC): LC50, LC90, and LC95 (0.058, 0.358, and 0.600 μl/ml for thyme; 0.108, 0.495, and 0.761 μl/ml for rosemary; 0.131, 0.982, and 1.740 μl/ml for oregano; 0.155, 2.387, and 5.183 μl/ml for blue gum; 0.207, 1.653, and 2.978 μl/ml for river red gum; and 0.253, 2.212, and 4.092 μl/ml for lavender). This is the first report on the acaricidal activity of these essential oils against H. scupense. The results obtained showed that the essential oils with chemotype carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, α-thujone, and p-cymene are highly acaricidal, and they can be used for ticks control. However, further studies on their toxicity in nontarget organisms are required.

Un suivi mensuel de l’infestation par les tiques de 48 bovins choisis dans six elevages a ete realise entre avril 2006 et mars 2007 en Algerie dans les localites de Mila (etage bioclimatique semi-aride) et d’El Tarf (etage bioclimatique humide). Au total, 7 024 tiques appartenant a quatre genres et dix especes d’ixodides ont ete collectees : Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (62,7 p. 100 des tiques collectees), R. turanicus (13,6 p. 100), Hyalomma scupense (13,6 p. 100), R. bursa (7,7 p. 100), H. marginatum (4,7 p. 100), H. excavatum (3,9 p. 100), H. anatolicum (2,3 p. 100), Haemaphysalis punctata (1,5 p. 100), Ixodes ricinus (0,7 p. 100) et Hyalomma lusitanicum (0,4 p. 100). L’espece la plus frequente dans la wilaya (collectivite publique territoriale) d’El Tarf a ete R. annulatus (77,7 p. 100). En revanche, H. scupense (39,2 p. 100) et R. bursa (17,7 p. 100) ont ete dominants dans la wilaya de Mila. De nombreuses especes de Hyalomma et de Rhipicephalus ont eu une activite continue durant l’annee avec une intensite d’infestation maximale en ete pour R. annulatus et H. scupense, et vernale a automnale pour R. bursa. L’abondance des especes mesophiles a ete faible. Elles ont eu une activite hivernale pour I. ricinus, present uniquement a El Tarf, et automnale pour Hae. punctata, observee uniquement a Mila. L’intensite d’infestation a ete significativement plus elevee chez les bovins adultes que chez les bovins ages de moins d’un an. La phenologie des differentes especes de tiques a parfois differe en fonction des pays limitrophes, montrant ainsi une grande adaptabilite des tiques et la necessite de realiser des etudes regionales avant la mise en place de tout programme de lutte contre les tiques ou les pathogenes qu’elles transmettent.