An integrated model for distribution network design is proposed which explicitly represents the required level of customer service.

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Thailand was one of the largest agricultural commodities exporters in the world but Thai farmers are still facing a problem of poverty and low productivity. The root of the problem is believed to be the lack of holistic development approach and effective integrated management of agro-food chain of farmers. It is believed that an improved agricultural education system could be a tool to develop the country's agricultural sector. Entrepreneurship education could be a way to enhance the farmers' competitiveness, reduce poverty and help in social and economic development. This article reviews the issues of the country's agricultural education in the past as well as a new model of agricultural education introduced to undergraduate students that combined the integrated knowledge from upstream to downstream of agricultural value chain with incorporation of social engagement learning into the program and curriculum.

Problem statement: Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) was launched to collect comprehensive freight flow data throughout the kingdom of Thailand. The survey’s database is the most complete collection of commodity flow data in Thailand. The need to reveal interregional freight characteristics using available data from the CFS led to the objectives of this research. Approach: An origin destination matrix based on province was calibrated using a flexible Box-Cox function form. It used maximum likelihood and the backward method for calibration and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Relative Error (MRE) to verify the model’s performance. Independent variables were classified into three groups: origin variable, destination variable and geographic variable. The origin variable represented the behavior of the trip as generated at the place of origin. Some consumption occurred at the origin. The employment and the average plant size variables were selected for potential productivity while personal income per capita and total populations were included to explain consumption behavior at the origin. Personal income per capita and total populations were selected for destination variables which act as proxy for final demand at the destination. The third category, distance, was the most conventional friction variable for geographical variables. Results: The calibrated model revealed that origin income, origin average plant size and origin population performed poorly. Therefore these variables were eliminated. The best developed model included four strongly significant variables at a 5% level: origin employment, destination population, destination income per capita and distance. Conclusion: The results showed that the selected variables and the Box-Cox functional form were successful in explaining behavior of interregional freight transportation in Thailand. The developed model was the first interregional freight transportation model to be calibrated against Thailand commodity flow survey data

This paper examines the potential of developing coastal ports and channels along the Southern coast on the Gulf of Thailand. There were 18 channels included in the study area, ranging from Ban Don Channel to Pattani Channel. The study approach was based on the analysis of the data on cargo movement to and from the study area by coastal shipping and truck, in terms of quantity and types of cargo. The study found that there are three potential areas to be developed for coastal shipping in Thailand (along the southern part on the Gulf of Thailand), namely Songkhla (Songkhla channel), Surat Thani (Ban Don and/or Ta Thong) and Nakhon Sri Thammarat (Sichon and/or Pak Phanang). This paper, however, suggests that further study on the technical part for support of the precise channels to be developed is needed.