During the excavations made at a burial of the post-Classic Mayan period (1220-1521 A.D.) in the pyramid number 2 of the pre-Hispanic site of Lagartero, Chiapas, Mexico, a set of four small metallic artifacts depicting reptile's heads, were recovered. The objects were in poor conservation conditions and were taken to the Metal Conservation Laboratory of the National School of Conservation (ENCRyM-INAH) for suitable cleaning and conservation treatments.Analyses allowed identifying important technological features such as gilding remains. The analytical techniques included optical microscopy followed by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), and Scanning Electron Microscope-coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (MEB-EDS). For the elemental depth profile a combined Particle X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (PIXE-RBS) analysis was carried out.The results indicate that the objects are made of a copper alloy, and then gilded probably using electrochemical replacement gilding (thickness has less than 1 m). This technology has been observed in other metallic objects recovered from the Chichen-Itza Cenote in Yucatan, but it was not available in Mesoamerican areas so far. So, it could imply that these artifacts might have been imported from South American areas.
RESUMEN:La investigación de los restos óseos humanos de un contexto arqueoló-gico del período Clásico, en el sitio de Lagartero, Chiapas, reveló que se trata de segmentos anatómicos incompletos de un individuo masculino, con marcas antropogénicas peri mortem y post mortem distribuidas en varias áreas de los huesos. Con base en la evidencia antropológica en combinación con el hecho de que el esqueleto se asocia a uno de los altares del juego de pelota, consideramos que se trata de los restos de una víctima sacrificada. El cadáver también había sido procesado post mortem, probablemente con fines rituales o para fabricar artefactos de hueso.PALABRAS CLAVE: arqueología, osteología, marcas antropogénicas, sacrificio humano, rituales post mortem.
ABSTRACT:The investigation of human remains from a Classic period deposit at the archaeological site of Lagartero revealed incomplete anatomical segments of a male individual with anthropogenic perimortem and postmortem marks distributed in various areas of the bones. Based on the anthropological evidence in combination with the fact that the skeleton comes from one of the ball court altars, we assume that these are the remains of a sacrificed victim. The corpse also had been heavily processed postmortem, probably for ritual purposes or to be manufactured into bone artifacts.
En este artículo se presenta la descripción del sitio de Lagartero, Chiapas, incluidas las diferentes islas que lo forman. Se continúa con los trabajos arqueológicos realizados desde los comienzos del proyecto de investigación en la isla Limonar en 1990, explicando los principales aspectos y hallazgos arqueológicos hasta el 2003. Con base en los materiales arqueológicos obtenidos se da una cronología relativa del sitio sustentada tanto en la tipología cerámica como por el C14.
El objeto de este trabajo es presentar una aplicación de la Teoría de Sistemas de la Geografía de Locación en un aspecto específico de la Arqueología: El patrón de asentamiento de un sitio prehispánico.
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