Three new limonoids, chisomicines A-C (1-3), have been isolated from the bark of Chisocheton ceramicus. Their structures were determined by 2D NMR, CD spectroscopic methods, and X-ray analysis. Chisomicine A (1) exhibited NO production inhibitory activity in J774.1 cells stimulated by LPS dose-dependently at high cell viability.

Chisocheton is one of the genera of the family Meliaceae and consists of ca. 53 species; the distribution of most of those are confined to the Indo-Malay region. Species of broader geographic distribution have undergone extensive phytochemical investigations. Previous phytochemical investigations of this genus resulted in the isolation of mainly limonoids, apotirucallane, tirucallane, and dammarane triterpenes. Reported bioactivities of the isolated compounds include cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimalarial, antimycobacterial, antifeedant, and lipid droplet inhibitory activities. Aside from chemistry and biological activities, this review also deals briefly with botany, distribution, and uses of various species of this genus.

A phytochemical investigation on the fruits of Chisocheton erythrocarpus Hiern (Meliaceae) afforded four new limonoids, erythrocarpines F-H (1-3) and 14-deoxy-Δ14,15-xyloccensin K (4), along with seven known compounds (5-11). Compounds 1-3 are phragmalin-type limonoids with an 1,29-oxymethylene bridge, while 4 is a mexicanolidetype limonoid possessing a rare 3β,8β-ether linkage. Mosquito larvicidal activity of the limonoids revealed that 4 and 5 were toxic to larvae of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex Quinquefasciatus.

A phytochemical study on the bark of Endiandra kingiana Gamble (Lauraceae) led to the isolation of a new benzofuranone, 4-hydroxy-6-(9,13,17-trimethyldodeca-8,12,16-trienyl)-2(3 H)-benzofuranone (1), together with 6 known compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray Ionisation mass spectrometry techniques. Compounds 1-3 showed moderate inhibition against dengue virus type 2 NS2B/NS3 protease with percentage inhibitions of 61.23 ± 6.96, 69.92 ± 3.34, and 62.02 ± 6.19, respectively. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding mode of all protease inhibitor models and the results revealed that most of the essential amino acid residues such as Asp129, Ser135, Tyr161, Asn152, and His51 significantly interact with the ligands.

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