There is no superiority of AMP technique on TT technique in ACL reconstructive surgeries. It could be suggested that performing a well-done technique, either TT or AMP, may be more important than only choosing a technique.

Background: Myositis ossificans (MO) is a rare non-neoplastic heterotopic ossification of soft tissue. Histological examination is the gold standard method for diagnosis, but fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology may aid in presumptive diagnosis of this lesion. Cases: Nine patients with chief complaint of soft tissue mass with clinically suspected MO were selected. FNA of the mass showed low to hypercellular smears, composed of some amorphous pink to bluish material on Wright-Giemsa stain. The predominant cells were oval to spindle-shaped, resembling fibroblasts. Some cells had a high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio with hyperchromatic nuclei, an irregular nuclear border and prominent nucleoli. Bland-looking osteoblasts and uni- and binucleated chondrocytes were also noted. FNA diagnosis of 4 patients was suggestive of osteosarcoma and of 2 patients suggestive of chondrosarcoma, 2 patients were diagnosed with a benign process and 1 was deferred due to hypocellularity of the smears. Histological examination of the corresponding surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of MO. Conclusion: MO cannot be diagnosed on FNA smears without analyzing the clinical and radiological findings. Experience shows that otherwise MO is mostly misdiagnosed as a malignant lesion.

Bilateral dislocation of the shoulder is a rare injury. The main causes are electrical shock, extreme trauma, and epilepsy. A 25-year-old athletic-body man had sustained bilateral shoulder pain and restricted external rotation following electrical shock for five days. Although articular surface damage was about 50% in the right side and 30% in the left, it could be managed successfully by close reduction without pinning. During one-year follow-up, no recurrent dislocation or limitation of motion was seen. Closed management of medium size defect of the humeral head after posterior dislocation can be performed in cooperative and especially muscular patients.

Purpose Although posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture is a rare condition, but lack of its treatment results in knee instability. Identification of functional and clinical outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation was the main goal of this research. Methods Thirty-one patients, underwent operation due to isolated tibial posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, were followed-up for a mean of 24 months (range 13-44 months). Outcome was evaluated by International Knee Documentation Committee form. Results The most common cause of injury was motor vehicle accident (in 26 cases). Finally, 74.2% of cases had normal or nearly normal grade. Also, no one was graded as D (severely abnormal). The functional result was better when the avulsed fragment size was bigger (p value 0.037). Conclusion Treatment of tibial posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture through open reduction and internal fixation with screw and washer results in acceptable functional outcome in about three quarters of cases.

BackgroundThe full-thickness articular cartilage defects of knee have a poor healing capacity that may progress to osteoarthritis and need a knee replacement. This study determines the healing effect of bioglue in fullthickness articular cartilage defect of femoral condyle in rabbit.MethodsForty-eight male rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups. In group A, 4 mm articular cartilage defects were created in the right and left medial femoral condyles. Then a graft from xiphoid cartilage was transferred into the defect together with a designed bioglue and the knees were closed. In group B, an articular cartilage defect was created identical to group A, but the defect size was 6 mm. In group C, 4 and 6 mm articular cartilage defects were created in the right and left medial femoral condyles respectively. The graft was transferred into the defect and the knees were stitched. In group D, articular cartilage defects were created similar to group C, just filled with bioglue and closed. The rabbits were euthanized and subgroups were defined as A1, B1, C1 and D1 after 30 days and A2, B2, C2 and D2 after 60 days. The cartilages were macroscopically and histologically investigated for any changes.ResultsMicroscopic and macroscopic investigations showed that bioglue had a significant healing effect in the femoral condyle.ConclusionAddition of bioglue can effectively promote the healing of articular cartilage defects.