The purpose of this study was to look at the correlation between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) with an increase in metabolic syndrome scores in obese female adolescents.Methodology: This research was founded by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education 2019. A cross-sectional study, which used simple random sampling technique when selecting subjects, involving 80 female university students aged 18-21 years old at Universitas Diponegoro with waist circumference >80cm. The data studied were components of the metabolic syndrome, weight, height, and index-ring finger length. Anthropometric profiles were obtained using direct measurement. Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were measured using enzymatic colorimetric techniques. Metabolic syndrome data was converted to metabolic syndrome score (cMetS). Data analysis using Rank Spearman and Pearson correlation test.Results: High WHtR of 95%, high 2D:4D of the right hand of 21.3% and left hand of 33.8%. Most subjects had premetabolic syndrome (80%) while the rest had metabolic syndrome. Bivariate test results showed that WHtR was positively correlated with cMetS, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The right and left hand digit ratios did not correlate with cMetS nor with the components of the metabolic syndrome.Applications/Originality/Value: This study contributes to anthropometric references to detect metabolic syndrome.

Diet development today tends to lead to accelerated growth of chronic diseases. Obesity plays a negative role in the development of chronic disease. This risk factor also occurs in the aging process. The condition of organ tissue dysfunction and cell death that occurs with aging also occurs in obesity due to chronic inflammation. This study analyzes the beneficial effects of applying Calorie Restriction (CR) or Energy Restriction (PE) to achieve a long life span, especially in obese individuals. This article is a literature review study with qualitative analysis by searching the PubMed electronic database from February to July 2021 and searching for articles through Meta-analysis, Review, and Systematic Review. Six articles have high relevance. References obtained were compiled and reviewed by summarizing and analyzed by triangulation. Furthermore, examining previous research's pros and cons finally gives alternative solutions. The results of the study showed the application of the PE method by reducing daily energy consumption without causing the risk of malnutrition because it still considers an essential nutrient. In conclusion, the benefits of PE have an impact on slowing down aging molecularly. Slowing down the aging process can increase a person's life expectancy.

Background: Dysfunction of body tissues due to excessive food consumption is often referred to obesity. Excess storage of visceral fat can develop insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Anthropometric measurements can illustrate the early risk of insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to identify the association between anthropometric indicators and insulin resistance.Materials and Methods: The participants in this study were 163 female students aged 19-24 years who live in Semarang. This is a cross sectional study with a purposive sampling method using the "google form". Anthropometric data that were collected in this study include weight, height, waist cirrcumference, hip, sagittal abdominal diameter. Biochemical data that were collected include blood sugar and insulin levels. The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation test and Multiple Linear Regression test.Results: Anthropometric indicators with high risk were 72.4% for Waist to Height Ratio  (WHtR); 22.1% for Waist Hip Ratio (WHR); 35.6% for Body Mass Index (BMI); 12.2% for Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD) and 55.2% for waist cirrcumference. Meanwhile, subjects with high Fasting Blood Glucose levels was 16.6%, subjects had the Conicity Index (C-Index) at risk was 74.8% and based on the Relative Fat Mass (RFM) it was 23.9% of the participants were at risk of obesity and high Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were 74.2%. Anthropometric indicators of obesity, including Conicity Index, Relative Fat Mass, WHtR, WHR, BMI, SAD, and waist and hip ratio were all positively associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, multivariate analysis showed that an increase in body mass index is an indicator that is most associated with the insulin resistance (p<0,001).Conclusion: Body Mass Index is the anthropometric indicator that is most associated with insulin resistance.

The prevalence of obesity in adolescent girls is increasing each year. Several anthropometric measurements can be used to detect the incidence of insulin resistance. This study was aimed to observe the correlation of anthropometric profiles with insulin resistance in adolescent girls with obesity. This was an observational study with a total of 120 female students of Universitas Diponegoro (Undip), aged between 18 and 21 years old, who have waist circumference >80 cm. They were chosen by a simple random sampling technique. Anthropometric profile data taken has consisted of waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), neck circumference, waist circumference, thigh circumference, and 2D:4D digit ratio. Insulin resistance data was determined using the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR.). Bivariate analysis was completed with the Spearman rank test. There was 83.3% of subjects who experienced insulin resistance. High WHtR was found in 98.3% of total subjects as many as 90.8% of subjects were at risk based on WHR values. Based on 2D:4D ratio digits, neck circumference, wrist circumference <50% of subjects were found as at risk. There was no correlation between waist circumference, WHR, wrist circumference, 2D:4D digit ratio with HOMA-IR (p>0.05). However, there was a positive correlation between WHtR, neck circumference, and thigh circumference with HOMA-IR (p<0.05). Anthropometric profiles such as WHtR, neck circumference, and thigh circumference were correlated with insulin resistance in female adolescents with obesity.

Metabolic syndrome is not a disease but is a set of several disorders and causes an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus complications. Several studies have shown that non-invasive approaches such as anthropometric measurements can be used for the early detection of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to analyse the anthropometric indicators related to metabolic syndrome in female college students. The design of this research was cross sectional, with the number of subjects involved were as many as 163 female college students aged 19 to 24 years old. Purposive sampling was used in the sampling of this research. The independent variables in this study were the Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), Body Mass Index (BMI), Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD), and hip circumference. The dependent variable in this study is the metabolic syndrome component that has been converted into a metabolic syndrome score (cMetS). The analysis results showed that all anthropometric indicators, namely WHtR, BMI, SAD, waist circumference, hip circumference and WHR have a strong positive relationship with the metabolic syndrome score (p<0.001). BMI was the anthropometric indicator that is most associated with the metabolic profiles, such as systolic blood pressure (p<0.001), blood sugar (p<0.05), and HDL (p<0.001). Waist circumference was the anthropometric indicator that is most associated with triglycerides and metabolic syndrome score (p<0.001). Metabolic syndrome in female college students can be identified using anthropometric measurements, one of which is BMI and WHR which are very easy to measure and efficient. BMI and WHR have the strongest relationship and can be used to detect early risk of metabolic syndrome in female college students.