The female athlete triad (FAT) is a syndrome that occurs in female athletes who have a combination of 3 related conditions and are associated with sports. The aimed of this study to analyze the relationship between iron deficiency and the state of the female athlete triad (FAT) in female athletes. The design of this study was cross sectional with 80 subjects of female athletes aged 12-18 years from various sports, who were taken by simple random sampling. The research was conducted at the Central Java Student Center for Education and Sports Training (BPPLOP). Bivariate analysis was performed using the Spearman test. Based on Ferritin, as many as 15 subjects (18.25%) had iron deficiency anemia, and FAT syndrome was not found in the subjects, however, when each sign was seen, 20 percent were classified as polimenorrhea and oligomenorrhea, and 37.5 percent experienced eating disorders. There were a significant relationship between iron deficiency based on serum ferritin (p = 0.015; r = 0.273) and Hb levels (p = 0.002; r = 0.337) with the component of athlete's bone density. However, iron deficiency (based on serum Ferritin and Hb levels) did not show a significant association with menstrual cycle disorders and eating disorders (p 0.05). Female Athlete Triad has not been found among subjects, but athletes have experienced eating behavior disorders, menstrual cycle disorders and the risk of low bone density. Iron deficiency is associated with decreased bone density in young female athletes. ABSTRAK Female athlete triad (FAT) merupakan suatu syndrom yang terjadi pada atlet wanita yang memiliki kombinasi dari 3 kondisi yang saling berkaitan, dan berhubungan dengan olahraga. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hubungan defisiensi besi dengan keadaan female athelete triad (FAT) pada atlet remaja putri. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan 80 subjek atlet putri berusia 12-18 tahun dari berbagai cabang olahraga yang diambil secara simple random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Pemusatan Pendidikan dan Latihan Olahraga Pelajar (BPPLOP) Jateng. Analisis univariat untuk mendeskripsikan data berupa distribusi dan persentase. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji Spearman. Berdasarkan data serum ferritin, sebanyak 15 subjek (18,25%) mengalami anemia defisiensi besi, namun belum ditemukan kejadian FAT pada subjek, tetapi bila dilihat masing masing tanda sebanyak 20 persen tergolong polimenorea dan oligomenorea, serta 37,5 persen mengalami gangguan perilaku makan. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara defisiensi besi berdasarkan serum ferritin (p=0,015; r=0,273) dan kadar Hb (p=0,002; r=0,337) dengan komponen kepadatan tulang atlet. Namun defisiensi besi (bedasarkan serum Ferritin dan Kadar Hb) tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan gangguan siklus menstruasi dan gangguan perilaku makan (p0,05). FAT belum ditemukan pada atlet remaja putri, namun atlet sudah ada yang mengalami gangguan perilaku makan, gangguan siklus menstruasi dan risiko kepadatan tulang rendah. Defisiensi besi berhubungan dengan menurunnya kepadatan tulang atlet remaja putri.Kata kunci: atlet; remaja putri; defisiensi besi; female athlete triad (FAT)

Introduction: Pre-conception women are potential mothers or vulnerable groups who need special attention. The less of nutrients Intake than necessary can lead to nutritional problems such as Chronic Energy Deficiencyand nutritional anemia that have an impact on the next phase of life such as the risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight (LBW), babies stunting, and growth disruption and development of the fetus / baby during pregnancy or after that. Objective: To analyze the relationship between diet quality, chronic energy malnutrition status with anemia in the bride.Methods: A cross-sectional study with 70 subjects who were brides aged 16-30 years. Selection of subjects with consecutive sampling method. Dietary quality data was measured through the Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and Diet Quality Index - International (DQI-I) forms, SEZ status assessed from body mass index (BMI) and upper arm circumference (LiLA). Anemia status was measured from hemoglobin levels, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. To examine the relationship between diet quality, chronic energy malnutrition, and anemia using a linear regression test.Results: The subject aged 16-30 years, and 41.4% are still <20 years old. A total of 10 subjects (14.3%) belonged to Chronic Energy Deficiency. Haemoglobin level measurements showed there were 8 subjects (11.4%) who had low Hb levels, and 4 of them had anemia with microcytic hypychromic type which was characterized by low MCV, MCH and MCHC values. Based on the calculation of intake was known that 55 subjects (78.6%) had a low quality diet. This study showed no relationship between diet quality and anemia, but the sub-components of diet quality were adequacy of protein intake (p = 0.007), iron intake (p = 0.009) and upper arm circumference (p = 0.018) indicating a significant relationship with anemia (hemoglobin level) in the bride. Conclusion: the less protein and iron intake and lower upper arm circumference associated with a decrease in the bride's hemoglobin level

The COVID-19 pandemic impacts lifestyle changes, one of which is the eating behavior of people. The research aims to examine changes in eating behavior before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents and adult groups in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study on 563 subjects, with the subject's inclusion criteria, namely living in Indonesia, aged 12-55 years, willing to participate in the research by filling in informed consent and filling out a questionnaire via an online google form. The data obtained were grouped based on variables before and after the pandemic, then tested the normality of the data. Bivariate analysis used the Wilcoxon text because the data were not normally distributed. As a result, there was an increase in the subject's breakfast habits and frequency of eating. Subjects experienced changes in eating habits, namely an increase in the frequency, variety, and portion of consumption of animal protein, vegetable protein, vegetables, and fruit between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (p <0,001). In addition, the habit of consuming fluids, supplements, and spices also experienced a significant increase, while the pattern of snacking decreased between before and during the pandemic (p <0,001). In conclusion, there were differences in eating behavior: breakfast habits, dietary variations, consumption of animal and vegetable protein, vegetables, fruits, fluids, supplements, spices, and snacking patterns outside the home between before and during the pandemic in the subject

This study was conducted in June-August 2019 at Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java. this study used cross sectional design with a total of 120 female students aged 17-21 years and selected using purposive sampling method. Study variables included SAD, SAD/Height, ADI and insulin resistance level. SAD was measured by abdominal caliper, SAD/Height was ratio of SAD divided by height. ADI was ratio of SAD divided by thigh circumference. The value of insulin resistance was obtained from the calculation of homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Data normality was analyzed by Kolmogorov-smirnov test, all data were not normal distribution so the bivariate test analyzed by Rank spearman test. Results: As many as 42.5% subjects had SAD which included at risk and 83.3% subjects had suffering insulin resistance. There was significant relationship between SAD, SAD/Height, ADI with insulin resistance (SAD (p=0.001), SAD/Height (p<0.001) and ADI (p=0.003). In addition, SAD, SAD/Height, ADI were significant relationship with fasting blood glucose (SAD (p=0.048), SAD/Height (p=0.022) and ADI (p=0.003). Conclusion: There were significant relationship between SAD, SAD/Height, ADI with insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose in obese adolescent female.

Uncontrolled hyperglycaemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus can increase the risk factors for disease complications. Therefore, lifestyle management becomes a vital measure for those individuals, especially in diet management, to control their blood sugar level. Breadfruit starch-based cookies contain resistant starch, amylose, and amylopectin that can inhibit the increment of blood sugar levels. Hence, these cookies can be used as an alternative snack for those individuals. This study was aimed to analyse the content of resistant starch, amylose, and amylopectin, as well as the acceptability level of breadfruit starch-based cookies. We used a completely randomised experiment using four formulations with various breadfruit flour content: 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The breadfruit formulation containing breadfruit flour (BF) and wheat flour (WF). Formula 25% (25% BF 75% WF, 50% (50% BF and WF), 75% (75% BF 25% WF), and 100% BF. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare the content of resistant starch, amylose, and amylopectin among the cookies. Furthermore, the Friedman test was used to analyse the acceptance level of the cookies, which includes colour, odour, texture, and flavour. The cookies contain 19.38-20.51% of resistant starch, 13.55-16.60% of amylose, and 83.39- 86.44% of amylopectin. The highest resistant starch and amylose contents were found in cookies with 100% breadfruit flour content, while the highest amylopectin content was found in the 25% formulation. The acceptability level of the cookies included colour, odour, texture, and flavour. Cookies made with 100% breadfruit flour contained the highest resistant starch and amylose, but the lowest amylopectin. It also received the highest acceptability among the panellists.