Ce travail a pour objectif d’illustrer l’apport de la théorie économique et des méthodes économétriques, plus particulièrement l’économétrie spatiale, à la conception et à l’évaluation d’opérations de renouvellement urbain. Dans ce but, l’approche par les prix hédoniques est retenue. Elle procède en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, sont identifiées, parmi un ensemble de caractéristiques de localisation données a priori, celles qui exercent un rôle discriminant sur la valeur des logements. Dans un second temps, les consentements à payer des habitants pour une amélioration des caractéristiques discriminantes sont calculés. L’application aux mutations d’appartements à Rennes entre les années 1994 et 2001 montre qu’il existe des externalités de voisinage significatives qui justifient une intervention publique. Les consentements à payer pour une amélioration des caractéristiques environnementales discriminantes apparaissent assez hétérogènes entre individus et variables d’une caractéristique à l’autre.
International audienceWe present a new experiment that explores gender differences in both performance and compensation choices. While most of the previous studies have focused on tournament vs. piece-rate schemes, the originality of our study consists in examining the gender gap in the context of a flat wage scheme. Our data indicate that females exert a significantly higher effort than men in fixed payment schemes. We find however no gender difference in performance under the tournament scheme, due to a combination of two effects. On the one hand, men more significantly increase their effort when switching from a flat wage to a tournament scheme. On the other hand, when switching from the flat wage to a tournament scheme, women have less margin to increase performance since their effort was already relatively high with a flat wage. We also find that females are more likely than males to choose a flat-wage scheme than a tournament. This gap however narrows dramatically when feedback on previous experience is provided
The object of this paper is to report, for a simple testing problem of a unit root hypothesis, some experience regarding the numerical problems involved by using a Bayesian encompassing test, i.e., a Bayesian procedure that treats the null and the alternative hypotheses as different models, the null one and the alternative one, that share a same sample space but with different parameter spaces. Numerical procedures and efficient simulations are discussed briefly, and the numerical results so obtained are used to evaluate the meaning of the prior specification and of the empirical evidence about a unit root inference.
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