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All powered vehicles have a braking system adopted according to the type of vehicle and work for which they are designed. In Ecuador, there is a great variety of auto parts that are proposed as alternative replacement, varying in cost and quality. This research aims to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of the brake disc material between original and alternate auto parts. This research analyzes three brake disc samples (A, B, C) from different manufacturing sources, using the ASTM E415-08 spectrometry test and the metallography test under the ASTM A247-16A standard. The spectrometry detects 15 elements in each sample, the carbon equivalent of sample A is 18% and 20% higher in relation to sample B and C, which significantly influences the microstructure. The metallographic tests indicate a pearlitic matrix in each sample, however, there is a different distribution and size of the graphite flakes. According to the SAE J431 standard, each auto part meets the material conditions for the brake disc function.

Sustainable campuses have become one of the main objectives of agendas for a wide range of universities as a result of the impacts generated by the activities carried out within an academic life and how they directly affect the environment. An important aspect of the educational model of the International University of Ecuador, considering education as a focal transforming point of collective change, is to teach values and responsibility for the environment, considering that in terms of sustainability a higher education should not be understood only from the technical point of view, but as a process of realizing the significance of substantial values that would encourage future professionals to commit to the construction of a more fair and equitable society. For this reason, the objective of this study is to analyze sustainability through the implementation of electric mass transport vehicles in the internal route of the International University of Ecuador, for which the methodology is based on a quantitative approach, whose type of study is exploratory and of an inductive-deductive nature, analyzing the variables that directly influence a sustainable environment such as altitude above sea level (geographical location), benefited people, consumption and routes. Instruments such as sampling and surveys will be used to determine the decrease in polluting emissions that can affect the natural environment of the area. The technical considerations are the following: the location of the campus presents average slopes of 7.76 ° at 2560 masl, the results of autonomy in a route are 14.8 km benefiting around 450 people a day from the university community, having an annual load consumption of 297311 KWh during day hours and of 114715 KWh during night hours. With the implementation of an electric vehicle for the internal route, a power of 154.7 KW is required to overcome a slope of 18 ° with a campus route of 178.4 km, with this it would stop emitting 29.6 tons of CO2 and 0.76 tons of gases harmful for the environment per year

Objectives To analyze the molecular response during the first trimester of nilotinib therapy in newly diagnosed CML-CP patients. Hypothesis The values of BCR-ABL ratios during the first trimester of nilotinib treatment, and the kinetic of their descent, could be predictive of molecular response thereafter. Patients ENEST1st (NCT01061177) is an open-label study of nilotinib 300 mg twice daily in adults with newly diagnosed BCR-ABL+ CML-CP. Imatinib pretreatment was not allowed. Methods BCR-ABLIS and BCR-ABL/GUS ratios were measured previously to nilotinib, and fortnightly thereafter until the 3rd month (m), and at 6, 12 and 18 m. Sokal, Euro and Eutos scores were calculated with data at diagnosis. BCR-ABL values were centrally measured in an ELN-EUTOS certified laboratory. Molecular response was classified by ELN2013 recommendations. As the linearity of values of BCR-ABL using ABL as control is questionable, when ratios are higher than 10%, only baseline BCR-ABL/GUS ratios were used when analyzing the molecular response using GUS as control. The kinetic of the descent was calculated using the ratio of a given time compared with that of an earlier time, and measuring slopes. Logistic regressions and ROC analysis have been used, calculating positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) Results 61 patients were included. 1 patient was excluded of the analysis because of lack of molecular data (baseline). Out of 60 patients, 10 abandoned during the first 18 m because of AE’ s. Those patients have been classified as non-responders after the time they went off-study. Risk distribution: Sokal (L, I, H): 57%, 32%, 11.7% Euro: 52%, 45%, 3%) Eutos (L, H): 92%, 8%). Outcomes and Molecular response: No patient died or transformed during the follow-up. MR4.5 at 18 M has been obtained in 30% of the patients. The ELN 2013 molecular milestones for optimal response at 3,6,12 and thereafter were obtained in 97%, 93%, 83%, and 70%, respectively.(Table) Predictive variables of response: (Table). Major molecular response (²0.1%) (BCR-ABL/ABL, BCR-ABL/GUS). At 3MBaseline BCR-ABL/GUS ratios were significantly different between responders and non-responders (22,1±23,1 vs 41,5± 38,1, p=0.05). For both control genes, the multivariate analysis disclosed that the independent and significant variable was the ratio at 45d. The ROC analysis disclosed a cut-off of 3.28 (PPV: 83% NPV: 80%). [OR: 20(4.4- 90) p<0.00001]. For BCR-ABL/GUS it was 3.5 (PPV: 87% NPV: 73%). At 6M and at 12 M: For both control genes, only the ratio at 3M and the ratio at 6 M were independently associated, respectively. At 18 M; With BCR-ABL/ABL, only the ratio at 12M was the independent and significant variable. Variables associated with MR4.5 at 18 m (BCR-ABL/ABL). The ratios at 1M, 1.5 M, and 2 M were significantly associated with the MR4.5 at 18 M. In the multivariant analysis the only independent variable associated with this response was the BCR-ABL ratio at 2M. The ROC curve disclosed a cut-off of 1.52 (PPV: 91% NPV: 59%). When including this variable as dichotomic, in a multivariant analysis, was the only significant one [OR: 14(3.2-60) P=0.0004)]. The correspondent cut-off at 3M was 0.1 (PPV: 84% NPV: 60%); [OR: 7,7(2.2-27) P=0.001]. Discussion Our results show that, in newly diagnosed patients, nilotinib obtained responses very quickly, and the proportions of patients having an optimal ELN2013 response at 3M (BCR-ABLIS² 10%), and at 6M (BCR-ABL IS ² 1%) were 97% and 93%. For obtaining a MMR at 3M, the only significant cut-off was at 45 d. For subsequent MMR, the only independent variable was the ratio at the most immediate earlier point. Besides, our results show a similar proportion of responses when using GUS as control gene, and similar predictive cut-offs in the ROC analysis of MMR at 3 and 6 M. Nilotinib treatment obtained 30% of MR4.5 at 18M. Ratios at 1M, 1.5 M, and 2 M were significantly associated with this response, but the only independent variable was the BCR-ABL ratio at 2M. At 2 M, having a ratio higher than 1.52 % will be linked with a 91% probability of not obtaining a MR4.5 at 18 M. Disclosures: Steegmann: Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Casado Montero:Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Echeveste:Celgene: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. Garcia-Gutierrez:Novartis: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Ruiz:Novartis: Employment. Walasek:Novartis: Employment.