ABSTRACT. The diaphragm was studied in 30 adult crab-eating monkeys (Macacafascicularis). The muscular bundle of the lumber part was derived from the tendinous origin, which attached to the anterior surface of the lumbar vertebra and intervertebral disc. The upper margin of the origin was at the one third of the second lumbar vertebra in both sides. The lower margin of the right and left tendons extend to lower one third and upper one third of the third lumbar vertebra, respectively. In 22 cases (73.3o7o) out of 30 specimens, some muscular bundles arose from the right crus with the collagenous sheath. They ran across the ventral aspect of the aortic hiatus and bounded the esophageal hiatus at the left side. The muscular fibers, which bound the esophageal hiatus at the right and left, are innervated by ipsilateral phrenic nerve. In four cases, the "Hilfsmuskel" after Treitz was observed. It arose from the connective tissue around the coeliac artery.
Ten diaphysis specimens of femurs and humeri from a total of 4 bodies, three excavated from 14th-15th century graves. (Muromachi period) and one from a tomb of the 7th century (period of ancient burial mounds), were examined using histomorphological methods to estimate their ages. The estimation formula was established using humeri (72 specimen) and femurs (71 specimen) from Japanese aged between 26 and 75 years. The formula was prepared based on a multiple regression analysis of the following 3 items: number of osteons/mm2, mean diameter of osteons, and mean diameter of the Haversian canals. Four estimation formulas were established based on the humeri from all subjects, the femurs from all subjects, the humeri from subjects between 26 and 55, and the femurs from subjects between 26 and 53, respectively. Since the age of the excavated human bones was unknown, we used morphological age estimates (e.g. attrition of teeth, cranial suture closure and similar items) for comparison. Histological and visual estimates correspond in 2 of the 10 cases, but the histological age estimates were higher than the visual estimates in the other cases. In 4 of the 10 cases, age estimates produced by the formulas for younger ages were lower than those by the formulas for all age groups. Thus the formulas for younger ages were not so successful.
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