Résumé -Les exostoses buccales sont des tumeurs osseuses bénignes des maxillaires qui se manifestent par des excroissances osseuses exophytiques. L'objectif de cette étude était d'effectuer une revue de la littérature sur ce sujet. Les données épidémiologiques, remontant pour certaines à plus d'un siècle, révèlent de grandes disparités selon les populations et les auteurs. La fréquence et la répartition des exostoses buccales diffèrent d'une population à l'autre. La susceptibilité génétique, les forces masticatoires et les parafonctions seraient des facteurs importants dans leur apparition et leur croissance. Leur exérèse permet, si nécessaire, de rétablir la fonction manducatrice.Abstract -Buccal exostoses: literature review. The buccal exostoses are benign bone tumors of the jaws. They are manifested by exophytic bony growths that develop on the maxillary bones. The aim of our study was to make a review of the literature on oral exostoses. Epidemiological studies, carried out for some for more than a century, reveals large differences between populations and the authors. The frequency and distribution of oral exostoses vary from one population to another. Genetic susceptibility, the masticatory and parafunctional forces are important factors in their appearance and growth. Their removal will restore the functions of manducation.Les exostoses buccales sont des excroissances osseuses exophytiques qui se développent à partir des maxillaires. On en distingue quatre types selon leur localisation : le torus palatin, les exostoses palatines, les torus mandibulaires et les exostoses vestibulaires (Fig. 1) [1, 2].Elles ne sont ni néoplasiques ni pathologiques et elles ont une croissance lente et progressive. Leur découverte se produit généralement au cours d'un examen clinique de routine, quelquefois fortuitement par le patient, lors d'une réhabilitation prothétique ou d'une gêne fonctionnelle [3][4][5]. L'objectif de cette étude est de réaliser une revue de la littérature sur les exostoses buccales.
Résumé -Objectif : L'objectif de cette étude était de mettre en exergue le rôle de l'orthopantomographie dans la prédiction des difficultés rencontrées lors de l'avulsion des troisièmes molaires incluses en utilisant l'échelle de Pederson. Abstract -Difficulties of impacted lower third molar extraction: the role of the orthopantomogram. Introduction: The orthopantomogram allows for the classification of impacted lower third molars according to depth, the spatial relationship with the ramus and the root relationship/mandibular canal. The aim of this study was to show the role of orthopantomography in the prediction of the difficulties encountered in the extraction of impacted lower third molars using the Pederson scale. Material and Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in the Oral Surgery Service of the Dentistry Department at the Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar. The study was done between October 2012 and February 2013. 62 patients were involved. Results: The age group 15-25 was the most represented (57%). The mean age of patients was 26 ± 9 years with extremes of 15 and 73 years. Lower third molars with two roots accounted for 92%. Horizontal angulation (44%) and mesial angulation (35%) were the most represented. Half of the sample exhibited a depth of inclusion of position A (54%). The position I represented 40% of cases. In 33% of cases there was no contact between the roots and the mandibular canal. Conclusion: The orthopantomogram allows grading of the difficulty level for third molar extraction, using the Pederson scale. In our sample, extraction was difficult in 69% of the cases, moderate in 21% and easy in 33%.
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