Psoriasis is a proliferative autoimmune skin disease which is affecting 2% of worldwide population. It is characterized by itching, skin rashes and red scalps with white scales on the skin. Though, different types are reported, common existing form of psoriasis is plaque psoriasis. The epidemiology of disease seems to be remains unknown, but the incidence varies, surrounded by the different countries. The pathophysiology of the disease appears as drastic cellular changes occur both in epidermis and dermis which narrates to keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Earlier available medications like emollients and some keratolyitic agents has not proven promising role in controlling the disease burden. But, in advance regimen, with wide range of therapeutic mediators like coal tar, anthranilin, calcineurin inhibitors, methotrexate, retinoids, cyclosporine are proven to be effective in treating mild psoriasis to severe psoriasis. In recent years, phototherapy has once again emerged as most recommended due to ease of treatment and its intoxications. Hence, this review emphasizes the therapeutic agents available in market and its effectiveness in controlling the psoriasis.
The objective of the present research is to prepare stable nano suspensions of Valsartan (VAL) with high solubility and dissolution. VAL is an orally administered anti-hypertensive drug with lower bio-availability of 25%, this is attributed to its lower aqueous solubility (0.082 mg/ml). VAL nano suspensions were prepared by using a bottom-up precipitation technique using five level full factorial central composite design (CCD). The optimized nano formulations NS21, NS22, NS23 showed the particle size of 268.42±8.99, 288.3±11.32, 293.46±6.92 nm, zeta potential of 20.89±0.79, 26.01 ±1.02, 21.34±0.43 mVs and the dissolution efficiency of 93.10±1.459, 91.84±1.419, 89.47±0.644 % respectively. SEM & AFM studies represent the formation of fine irregularly shaped particles with smooth surfaces on nanosization. X-rd studies confirmed the physical state conversion of crystalline drug into amorphous form. Drug excipient compatibility was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The investigation pragmatic the solubility and dissolution efficiency of VAL in nanosuspension was significantly higher when compared with its pure form. Finally, it is concluded that, nanosuspension approach could be an ideal, promising approach to increase the solubility and dissolution of BCS-II drugs like Valsartan.
Objective: To prepare and evaluate the suitable nanosuspensions of Meropenem (BCS-IV drug) to increase its solubility and dissolution. Methodology: The meropenem nanosuspensions were prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation technique by applying ultrasonic energy through probe sonicator, where the organic phase of drug solution in methanol was emulsified in aqueous phase containing hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose as solubilizer and sodium lauryl sulphate as stabilizer. The prepared nanosuspensions were characterised for particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology by SEM, drug excipient compatibility by FTIR and DSC and conducted in-vitro drug release studies. Results: Results showed that the prepared nanosuspensions were having particle size range from 1 to 1000nm and the zeta potential from -10 to -20 mVs. Scanning electron microscopic pictures revealed that the obtained nanosuspension particles were spherical in shape with surface smoothness and in-vitro drug release studies notified that the prepared nanosuspensions showed increase in solubility and dissolution of meropenem when compared with the pure form. Conclusion: The nanosuspensions of meropenem could be successfully prepared and can be concluded that the nanosuspension formulation is a promising approach to increase the solubility and dissolution of BCS-IV drugs like meropenem.
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