Background As the number of large-scale studies involving multiple organizations producing data has steadily increased, an integrated system for a common interoperable format is needed. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a number of global efforts are underway to develop vaccines and therapeutics. We are therefore observing an explosion in the proliferation of COVID-19 data, and interoperability is highly requested in multiple institutions participating simultaneously in COVID-19 pandemic research. Results In this study, a laboratory information management system (LIMS) approach has been adopted to systemically manage various COVID-19 non-clinical trial data, including mortality, clinical signs, body weight, body temperature, organ weights, viral titer (viral replication and viral RNA), and multiorgan histopathology, from multiple institutions based on a web interface. The main aim of the implemented system is to integrate, standardize, and organize data collected from laboratories in multiple institutes for COVID-19 non-clinical efficacy testings. Six animal biosafety level 3 institutions proved the feasibility of our system. Substantial benefits were shown by maximizing collaborative high-quality non-clinical research. Conclusions This LIMS platform can be used for future outbreaks, leading to accelerated medical product development through the systematic management of extensive data from non-clinical animal studies.

This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art antennas for the railway communications. There are various aspects that one should consider when designing an antenna, such as antenna size and directivity. While size constraints on railway antennas are not as critical as for mobile consumer counterparts, a radome structure is required to cover the antenna to minimize the aerodynamic resistance antenna. This paper reviews aerodynamic simulations to account for the drag coefficient of the antenna. In a low-frequency band (<5 GHz), railway antennas used to be omnidirectional in the horizontal plane. As the communication scheme advances toward 5G technology, high directivity is required for the railway antenna to compensate for the high path loss at high-frequency bands, i.e., 28-GHz band. We review recent studies of railway antennas over various frequency bands, such as LTE-R, LTE, and the lower and upper 5G bands. To accommodate multiple frequency bands with a single antenna, along with the aerodynamic radome cover, design techniques allowing multiple frequency bands are reviewed in this paper.