Obesity is a medical condition where excess body fat has accumulated and is defined by a body mass index (BMI). Obesity is normally caused by excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, genetic susceptibility, sedentary behavior, and adoption of a less physically active lifestyle (Yazdi, Clee, & Meyre, 2015). Another view of obesity is that people eat little however they gain weight due to a slow metabolism and it is not medically supported (Wilkins, Cross, Megson, & Meredith, 2011). Obesity often contributes to the risks of many life-threatening diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, as well as certain types of cancer (Haslam & James, 2005; Luppino et al., 2010). It was reported that about 5% of the total population (~1.2 billion) in India has been suffering from obesity

The objective of the present study was to investigate trace metal levels of different varieties of fresh water fish using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer after microwave digestion (MD-ICPMS). Fish samples were collected from the outlets of twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. The trace metal content in different varieties of analyzed fish were ranged from 0.24 to 1.68 mg/kg for Chromium in Cyprinus carpio and Masto symbollon, 0.20 to 7.52 mg/kg for Manganese in Labeo rohita and Masto symbollon, 0.006 to 0.07 mg/kg for Cobalt in Rastrelliger kanagurta and Pampus argenteus, 0.31 to 2.24 mg/kg for Copper in Labeo rohita and Penaeus monodon, 3.25 to 14.56 mg/kg for Zinc in Cyprinus carpio and Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and 0.01 to 2.05 mg/kg for Selenium in Rastrelliger kanagurta and Pampus argenteus, respectively. Proximate composition data for the different fishes were also tabulated. Since the available data for different trace elements for fish is scanty, here an effort is made to present a precise data for the same as estimated on ICP-MS. Results were in accordance with recommended daily intake allowance by WHO/FAO.

Traditional knowledge of plants and their properties always has been transmitted from generation to generation through the natural path of everyday life. Food habits of the indigenous population across the globe are very abnormal when compared to that of civilized people. The forest related tribal scientific studies of edible wild plants are extremely constructive to know the nutritional values of the forest indigenous foods and help to eliminate the malnutrition problems in vulnerable group. The existing study was undertaken with an intention and documented 34 exceptional plant species belonging to 15 families with their medicinal values, taxonomical names and nutritional profile. Among the 34 indigenous plant foods, the frequently available and consumed plant foods by particularly vulnerable tribal group Chenchu tribes were selected for nutritional investigation including proximate composition, mineral and vitamin analysis. Results show that the nutritional values of the edible indigenous plant foods are prominent compared to frequently consumed foods available in market. The present study observed that the conventional and nutritional information on wild plant foods is on sharp decline. Unless efforts are made to educate the present generations about the importance of these foods, which may be lost in near future. These studies could contribute significantly to Government policies to improve food security and helps to progress health and nutritional status in marginally deprived tribal communities in India, and in the enhancement of wild vegetable status, whose potential as sources of nutrition is currently undervalued.

The implication of inflammation in the pathophysiology of several types of cancers has been under intense investigation. Conjugated fatty acids can modulate inflammation and present anticancer effects, promoting cancer cell death. In this paper, we evaluated the efficacy of new conjugated fatty acids isolated from marine Opisthopterus tardoore (Tapra fish) in human breast cancer cell lines MCF7. Linoelaidic acid, a marine fish (O. tardoore) derived unsaturated fatty acids, showed effective anticancer activity against MCF-7. MTT assay revealed a dose-dependent decline in cancer cell viability. It was noteworthy that 5 µM linoelaidic acid decreased the MCF-7 cell viability by 81.82%. Besides that, linoelaidic acid significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of TNF-α and IL-1ra studied by ELISA. Not only that, linoelaidic acid significantly decreased the reduced glutathione level and increased the oxidized glutathione level in MCF-7 cells indicating the oxidative stress inside the cell. Two different cell staining methods with acridine orange-ethidium bromide and DAPI confirmed that the linoelaidic acid rendered their detrimental effect on cancer cells. To decipher the mode of apoptosis Western blotting was performed in which the expression pattern of several proteins (p53, IL 10, and IL 1ra) established the apoptosis in the studied cell lines after linoelaidic acid exposure. Hence it may be conferred that linoelaidic acid has prompt anticancer activity. So, this drug can be used further for the treatment of cancer.