BACKGROUND Posterior cranial fossa is located between the Foramen Magnum and Tentorium Cerebelli. It contains cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata. Tumours of posterior cranial fossa can affect any of the above structures and can lead to pressure symptoms, neurological deficits or sometimes even death. This study has been conducted at our tertiary care centre. Aims and Objectives-To know the usefulness of intraoperative squash cytology and its diagnostic accuracy in differentiating posterior fossa lesions in correlation with clinical, radiological and histopathological diagnosis. Newer diagnostic modalities like MRI help in detecting these tumours early. Squash cytology and histopathological study diagnose these lesions accurately, which may benefit the patient for further treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective descriptive study. A total of 28 cases of posterior cranial fossa lesions were analysed with squash cytology and histopathology correlation. RESULTS Among the 28 cases analysed, 27 cases (96.4%) showed squash cytology with histopathologic correlation. A case of ependymoma was misdiagnosed as embryonal tumour/ medulloblastoma on squash cytology. Male preponderance was noted. The commonest age group was first decade in this study. Cerebellopontine angle was the most common site of the tumours in our study. CONCLUSION Analysing the posterior fossa tumours by squash cytology along with radioimaging in tumour localising and patient's demographics helped in correct histopathological diagnosis for further management and follow-up.

Background: Inflammatory response within transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) bladder is known to be predictive of tumor prognosis. Lower scores are associated with worser outcome and vice versa. Simpler and cost-effective methods of immunoscoring using immunohistochemistry (IHC) have been described. This study uses two easily available T-cell markers CD3 and CD8 and compares their immunoscore with tumor grade and understands the association. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) To perform immunoscoring for cytotoxic T lymphocytes -CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in urothelial carcinoma and (2) to correlate the immunoscore with tumor grade and calculate its significance in predicting prognosis. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 2 years duration from October 2018 to October 2020 was conducted at a tertiary level super specialty government institution. All the transurethral resection of bladder tissue biopsies reported as urothelial malignancies during the study period were included in the research. The tumors were graded histologically into high grade and low grade on histology based on the World Health Organization 2016 classification of Urothelial Carcinomas/International Society of Urological Pathology grading system. They were then subject to IHC with two T-cell markers CD3 and CD8 and immunoscoring was done using the method described by Galon. Results: A total of 42 cases of urothelial malignancies were diagnosed during the study period. Cases with higher tumor grade were 25 and lower tumor grade were 17. The association between the lower immunoscore and higher tumor grade was statistically significant. Conclusion: Immunoscoring is a useful adjunct to the routine histological evaluation of TCC. Easily available T-cell markers can be used as simple easy and cost-effective method for immunoscoring.