BACKGROUND: Sedentary lifestyle in the elderly decreases the function of cardiovascular system may lead reduction performance. Many previous studies reported that moderate intensity aerobic exercise was recommended for older persons because it may increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) at optimum level. The increasing of ROS can activate antioxidant mechanism against oxidatif stress due to exercise. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the change of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and VO2max on moderate intensity aerobic exercise and its correlation. METHODS: The study design was quasi-experimental. Subjects were sedentary elderly women age 65 ± 5.06 years old. Total subject was 73 persons selected by consecutive sampling. Subjects did moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 12 weeks by walking for 30 min a day, 3 times a week at 50–85% of maximum heart rate. The parameters were measured on the baseline and 12 weeks after exercise. GPx activity from the plasma was examined by ELISA and the VO2max was measured by 6-min walking distance. The data were analyzed by unpaired t-test and Spearman test. RESULTS: GPx activity and VO2max were significantly increased about 41.75% and 24.11% (p < 0.05) on the experimental group, respectively. There was a correlation between GPx activity and VO2max (r = 0.223, p = 0.041). CONCLUSION: Regular moderate intensity aerobic exercise significantly increased GPx activity and VO2max. This kind of exercise is advised for the elderly because it can elevate antioxidant level as a defense against oxidative stress due to aging; therefore, it can improve aerobic capacity in the elderly.

Alcohol tends to disrupt the organs function of human body, even can cause serious and chronic damage. In Indonesia, the data on cell damage taken from organs including the livers and kidneys among alcoholics are still practically unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the differences of organs' cell disturbance between alcoholics and non-alcoholics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A crosssectional study was conducted among 197 people in Yogyakarta, including 96 alcoholics and 101 non-alcoholics. The material of the study was taken from venous blood samples. A kinetic photometric test was conducted to obtain data on blood-chemical markers' value of livers (SGOT, SGPT, and GGT), and kidneys (BUN and serum creatinine). The data werethen analyzed by Chi square test.From a total of 96 alcoholics, 83.6% are males and 16.4% are females who consumed alcohol for an average of 16 years, with 51.6% routinely consuming it daily. The kind of alcohol they consumed was singlebrand (59.8%). Based on 25 th percentile (GGT), on 50 th percentile (SGOT, GGT), and on 75 th percentile (SGPT, GGT), the alcoholics had higher proportion value of liver marker disturbance than non-alcoholics which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Based on the 50 th and 75 th percentiles, the alcoholics also had higher proportion value on kidney marker (BUN) damage than non-alcoholics which was statistically significant (p<0.05). There were significant differences in GFR values between males and females (p<0.05), males had kidney cell damage 7.9 times more than females. There was no significant difference in the value of GFR between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. In conclusion, the alcoholics hassignificantly higher proportion value of blood-chemical markers than that non-alcoholics. The GFR values between males and females are also significantly different, and males had kidney cell damage 7.9 times more than that of females. ABSTRAK Alkohol dapat merusak fungsi organ tubuh manusia, bahkan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan serius dan kronik. Di Indonesia, data kerusakan sel yang diambil dari organ hati dan ginjal pada alkoholik tidak diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan perbedaan gangguan sel pada organ antara alkoholik dan nonalkoholik di Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada 197 orang di Yogyakarta, terdiri dari 96 alkoholik dan 101 non-alkoholik. Material diambil dari sampel darah vena. Tes fotometrik kinetik dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data nilai penanda kimia darah pada hati (SGOT, SGPT, dan GGT), dan ginjal (BUN dan kreatinin serum). Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi square.Dari total 96 alkoholik, 83,6% adalah laki-laki dan 16,4% adalah perempuan, yang rata-rata mengkonsumsi alkohol selama 16 tahun, dan 51,6% rutin mengkonsumsi tiap hari. Macam alkohol yang dikonsumsi adalah satu merk (59,8%). Berdasar 25 persentil (GGT), 50persentil (SGOT, GGT), dan 75 persentil (SGPT, GGT), alkoholik mempunyai proporsi yang lebih tinggi dan bermakna secara statistik terhadap gangguan nilai penanda hepar dibandingkan...

Physical inactivity is associated with increased rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Some of the factors that indicate a person has risk for future NCDs are obesity and reduced measures of physical performance, such as appendicular muscle mass (ASM), hand grip strength (HGS), and gait speed (GS). Objectives: Study to analyze the risk of physical inactivity to obesity and physical performance in young adult. Method: The cross-sectional study included 419 young adults consisting of 206 (49.2%) men and 213 (50.8%) women. Physical activity (PA) values were determined using the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ), with an inactive score <600 METs and an obesity standard ≥ 25 kg/m2. The values of lower ASM, HGS, and GS were based on the 2019 AWGS criteria. Results: Physical inactivity rates were 327 (78%), while in men were lower than women; 154 (47%) and 173 (53%) (p=0.125). Obesity rates were 162 (39%), however, in men were higher than in women; 101 (62.3%) vs 61 (37.7%) (p<0.001). The low ASM rates were 104 (25%), i.e., in men were lower than in women; 34 (32.7%) vs 70 (67.3%) (p<0.001). The low HGS rates were 32 (8%), that is relatively similar between genders; 18 (56.3%) and 14 (43.8%) (p=0.464), as well as the low GS rates were 55 (13%), also similar between genders; 23 (42%) and 32 (58%) (p=0.25). Physically inactive was a risk factor; for obesity in men of OR (95% CI)=1.2 (0.6-2) and in women of OR (95% CI) = 1.5 (0.7-3), for lower ASM of OR (95% CI) = 1.6 (0.9-3), and for lower HGS of OR (95% CI) = 1.6 (0.6-4.2). Physically inactive was not a risk factor for lower GS of OR (95% CI= 1 (0.6-2). Conclusion: Most of young adults were physically inactive, thus increasing the risk of obesity, and decreasing muscle mass and muscle strength. Clinical trial registration The study did not have a clinical trial registration. The study did not have a clinical trial registration, as it did not intervene.

Physical inactivity is associated with increased rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Some of the factors that indicate a person has risk for future NCDs are obesity and reduced measures of physical performance, such as appendicular muscle mass (ASM), hand grip strength (HGS), and gait speed (GS). Objectives: Study to analyze the risk of physical inactivity for obesity and physical performance in young adults. Method: The cross-sectional study included 419 young adults consisting of 206 (49.2%) men and 213 (50.8%) women. Physical activity (PA) values were determined using the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ), with an inactive score <600 METs and an obesity standard ≥ 25 kg/m2. The values of lower ASM, HGS, and GS were based on the 2019 AWGS criteria. Results: Physical inactivity rates were 327 (78%), 154 (47%) in men and 173 (53%) in women (p=0.125). Obesity rates were 162 (39%); however, in men, they were slightly higher than in women: 101 (62.3%) vs 61 (37.7%) (p<0.001). The low ASM rates were 104 (25%), i.e., in men were lower than in women; 34 (32.7%) vs 70 (67.3%) (p<0.001). The low HGS rates were 32 (8%), which was relatively similar between genders, 18 (56.3%) and 14 (43.8%) (p=0.464), and the low GS rates were 55 (13%), which was also similar between genders, 23 (42%) and 32 (58%) (p=0.25). Physically inactive was a risk factor for obesity in men (OR (95% CI)=1.2 (0.6-2)) and in women (OR (95% CI) = 1.5 (0.7-3)), for lower ASM (OR (95% CI) = 1.6 (0.9-3)), and for lower HGS (OR (95% CI) = 1.6 (0.6-4.2)). Physically inactive was not a risk factor for lower GS of OR (95% CI= 1 (0.6-2)). Conclusion: Most young adults were physically inactive, thus increasing the risk of obesity and decreasing muscle mass and muscle strength.

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