-Bayat Complex is usually used as a work field for students of geology and other geosciences. The study area is located in the southern part of the Bayat Complex. Administratively, it belongs to Central Java Province and Yogyakarta Special Province. The lithology of Bayat is very complex, composed of various kinds of igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, and volcanic rocks. Most of previous researchers interpreted Bayat as a melange complex constructed within a subduction zone. Kebo-Butak is one of formations that forms the Bayat field complex. The formation is composed of basalt, layers of pumice, tuff, shale, and carbonaceous tuff. Most of them are known as volcanic rocks. These imply that volcanic activities are more probable to construct the geology of Bayat rather than the subducted melange complex. The geological mapping, supported by geomorphology, petrology, stratigraphy, and geological structures, had been conducted in a comprehensive manner using the deduction-induction method. The research encounters basalt, black pumice, tuff with basaltic glasses fragments, zeolite, argilic clay, as well as feldspathicand pumice tuff. Petrographically, the basalt is composed of labradorite, olivine, clinopyroxene, and volcanic glass. Black pumice and tuff contain prismatic clinopyroxene, granular olivine, and volcanic glasses. Feldspathic tuff and pumice tuff are crystal vitric tuff due to more abundant feldspar, quartz, and amphibole than volcanic glass. Zeolite comprises chlorite and altered glasses as deep sea altered volcanic rocks. The geologic structure is very complex, the major structures are normal faults with pyrite in it. There were two deep submarine paleovolcanoes namely Tegalrejo and Baturagung. The first paleovolcano erupted effusively producing basaltic sequence, while the second one erupted explosively ejecting feldspathic-rich pyroclastic material. The two paleovolcanoes erupted simultaneously and repeatedly.

Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is a very fast developing area. The Yogyakarta historical time is divided into Pre-Old Mataram Era (1 st -8 th century), Old Mataram Era (8 th -12 th century), and Young Mataram Era (since 16 th century). Geology has recorded many intermittent natural disasters within those historical time: volcanism, earthquakes, and rock movements as well. Those natural disasters have caused lots of damages, shown by buried and collapsed old buildings. Larger volcanic eruptions were known to occur once in 50 -150 years ago, which were mostly followed by lahars as far as 32 km from the crater of Merapi Volcano, of which the last eruption was in 2010. Earthquakes were identified based on bumpy foundations that particularly occurred in the first pile of temple stones, i.e. at the temples of Kedulan, Plaosan, Morangan, Gampingan, and Boko Palace. Surface fractures are also present on the base of the palace floors. During 18 th -21 st century, larger earthquakes with magnitude of 5 -8 Richter scale occurred once in 20 -70 years, of which the last earthquake was in 2006. A geological study clarified that there was a marine volcanism during the Tertiary with radial normal faults. The normal faults have been potential to reactivate since Plio-Pleistocene untill now, shown by surface deformations at Sudimoro Hills with a mass movement occurence as happened in

Gunung Ireng di Desa Pengkok adalah destinasi wisata baru geologi gunung api purba di Kecamatan Patuk, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, di samping Gunung Nglanggeran. Selain aglomerat, sebagaimana penciri geologi Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran, breksi vulkanik, lava bersruktur meniang, dike, dan blocky lava berkomposisi andesit menyusun Gunung Ireng. Makalah ini disusun untuk mengidentifikasi kealamian jelajah alam geologi gunung api purba Gunung Ireng sebagai destinasi wisata minat khusus geowisata. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi dan analisis konektivitas Gunung Ireng terhadap destinasi-destinasi wisata lain di sekitarnya dan identifikasi keragaman data geologinya. Penelitian menjumpai morfologi bukit melingkar berbentuk kubah, yang dikelilingi lembah berslope ~30-55o yang melandai ke baratlaut. Dari atas bukit terlihat Gunung Wayang (Nglanggeran di ujung timur), karst Selopamioro di arah selatan, Sudimoro di arah barat dan tinggian Patuk di sebelah utara. Jalur konektivitas telah menghubungkan Gunung Ireng dengan Gunung api Nglanggeran-Oro-Oro, Dlingo, Selopamioro dan Kali Ngalang-Gedangsari. Promosi dan dukungan sepenuhnya dari pemerintah Kabupaten Gunungkidul, serta optimisme pengelola adalah kunci keberhasilan Gunung Ireng untuk disejajarkan dengan destinasi-destinasi wisata minat khusus lain di sekitarnya; mendukung keberlanjutan Geopark Gunung Sewu.

Gunung Ireng di Desa Pengkok adalah destinasi wisata baru geologi gunung api purba di Kecamatan Patuk, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, di samping Gunung Nglanggeran. Selain aglomerat, sebagaimana penciri geologi Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran, breksi vulkanik, lava bersruktur meniang, dike, dan blocky lava berkomposisi andesit menyusun Gunung Ireng. Makalah ini disusun untuk mengidentifikasi kealamian jelajah alam geologi gunung api purba Gunung Ireng sebagai destinasi wisata minat khusus geowisata. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi dan analisis konektivitas Gunung Ireng terhadap destinasi-destinasi wisata lain di sekitarnya dan identifikasi keragaman data geologinya. Penelitian menjumpai morfologi bukit melingkar berbentuk kubah, yang dikelilingi lembah berslope ~30-55o yang melandai ke baratlaut. Dari atas bukit terlihat Gunung Wayang (Nglanggeran di ujung timur), karst Selopamioro di arah selatan, Sudimoro di arah barat dan tinggian Patuk di sebelah utara. Jalur konektivitas telah menghubungkan Gunung Ireng dengan Gunung api Nglanggeran-Oro-Oro, Dlingo, Selopamioro dan Kali Ngalang-Gedangsari. Promosi dan dukungan sepenuhnya dari pemerintah Kabupaten Gunungkidul, serta optimisme pengelola adalah kunci keberhasilan Gunung Ireng untuk disejajarkan dengan destinasi-destinasi wisata minat khusus lain di sekitarnya; mendukung keberlanjutan Geopark Gunung Sewu.

Gunung Ireng geosite is an excellent geoheritage that is also a part of the Gunungsewu UNESCO Global Geopark in Pengkok, Gunungkidul Regency. It is widely recognized as an experiential leisure tour destination with the sunrise, sunset, and milky way watching as its activities. The primary attraction is the natural museum of Tertiary submarine paleo-volcanic miniature that was developed during the Early Miocene (±20-23 million years ago). Mentoring in utilizing the resources is necessary. The local community has agreed to develop geotourism as an effort to conserve the cultural, biotic, and geological environment. The certified instructors or mentors and professionals used mentoring methods to increase the local community’s abilities in preparing, managing, and evaluating the geotourism, including management, advertisement, marketing, guidance, web hosting, culinary, and accommodations.. The results are the status of the geoheritage area (by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 13 K.HK.01.MEM.G.2021), the viral of the local Gunung Ireng’s Spot Festival, the local culinary facilities, the CHSE certificate, as well as up to 300% increase in visitors per month before the pandemic and 200-300% increase during the pandemic. Other results that have successfully developed the supporting attractions are the Ahad Pon traditional market, the footsteps flashback of the great da'wah Sunan Kalijogo on Gunung Ireng and the Geological Natural Track of the Ancient Volcano of Gunung Ireng. Those three attractions are the efforts to improve the local community's economy, nature, and cultural conservation as the solid implementations of geotourism activities. Qualitatively, these various efforts are now starting to show impacts, with the increased motivation of the community to focus more on developing this destination, and the increasing attention of local governments to support these conservation activities, although quantitatively it has not to be measured yet.