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This study aimed to investigate the quality of gambier taken from gambier production center in West Sumatra, the characteristic of tanned leather which was tanned by gambier, and the relationship between gambier quality and tanned leather product. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas gambir yang diambil dari sentra produksi gambir Sumatera Barat, mengetahui karakteristik kulit tersamak yang disamak menggunakan gambir tersebut dan mengetahui hubungan kualitas gambir dengan kulit tersamak yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel dari sepuluh lokasi secara acak, dilanjutkan dengan analisis karakteristik gambir serta aplikasinya dalam penyamakan kulit. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara beberapa parameter gambir dengan parameter kulit tersamak yang dihasilkan digunakan regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik gambir dari sentra produksi di Sumatera Barat memiliki kualitas yang bervariasi pada kadar air, kadar tanin, katekin, kadar abu dan zat tak larut air. 60% lokasi sentra produksi memberikan gambir yang mampu menghasilkan kualitas kulit tersamak memenuhi standar mutu. Hubungan antara beberapa parameter gambir sebagai bahan penyamak dengan kualitas kulit tersamak menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat erat antara kadar tanin gambir dengan kadar tanin terikat pada kulit tersamak (r=0.980), kadar katekin pada gambir dengan kadar tanin terikat pada kulit tersamak (r=0.967), dan kadar abu pada gambir dengan kadar tanin terikat pada kulit tersamak (r=0.852). Tingginya kadar tanin gambir akan menghasilkan kulit tersamak yang baik.

The research was aimed to investigate the influence of minimizing chromium use on combined chromium-gambier process upon the characteristics of tanned leather. At the first stage of tanning process, chromium was used and in the second stage it was replaced by gambier. The raw material used was dried saline-preserved goat skin. The treatments applied on the tanning process were the different concentrations of chromium ranging from the highest level of 6% to the lowest level of 1% which was then re-tanned by using 8% concentration of gambier. The examination parameters included chemical and physical properties as well as visual investigation on the tanned leather in accordance with SNI-06-0463-1989-A. The result showed that the tanning process by using 2% chromium in the first step and 8% gambier in the second step was a treatment combination producing tanned leather that met the standard. The examination on tanned leather resulted from such treatment showed 56.33% rawhide, 17.45% of bound tannin, 31.22% of tanning level, tensile strength 386.30 kg/cm 2 , flexibility 31.91%, leather width 1.3 mm, density 0.75 g/cm 3 , the leather was quite elastic with light brownish color. In conclusion, minimizing the use of chromium in the combined tanning process of chromium and gambier can be implemented to the lowest of 2% chromium concentration and 8% gambier in the first and second step, respectively.

The research on "application ofgambieras atanning agentby using alum and gambier"had been done to findthe optimumconcentrationand produce leatherthat meetsindustry standards, moreoverto subtitute chrome as a tanningmaterialthathas a negative impacton the environment. 45 sheets goat leather were used in this research. The phase I of tanningused alumthat consisted of 5 concentration levels (3%, 5%, 7%, 9% and 11% w/v), then continued with phase II that used gambier as a tanning agentwhich consisted of 3 concentration level (3%, 6% and 9% w/v) with 3 replications. The results showedthat all leathersmet the SNI-06-0463-1989, standardfor the leather layer of tanning combination and SNI-0253-2009, standardfor the upper skin of goat legs to the chemical and physical properties. The optimum use of alum as a combination tanning agent in phase I was found to be 3% and followed by phaseIItanning agentusinggambierto be 3%. Analytical Results showed that the levels oftanned bound: 32.88%, tanning degree: 88.62%, tensile strength: 449.17kg/cm 2 and percentage extension:16% respectively.

Studi awal tanin dari kulit kayu A.auriculiformis …….. (Mutiar et al.) 41 Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik, 34(2), 41-48, 2018 ©Author(s), https://doi.org/10. 20543/mkkp.v34i2.3967 Studi awal tanin dari kulit kayu Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. dari hutan tanaman industri untuk bahan penyamak kulit ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the tannin content and extraction method of the content and levels of tannin from the bark of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. The bark is obtained from PT. Arara Abadi. The extract methods are water bath, ultrasonic bath, autoclave, reflux, and microwave. The tannin extract produced was applied as a vegetable tanning agent. The extract which is the best yield of the method used. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained by the autoclave method which was 29.65%. The results of chemical analysis of the extract produced were 52.79% tannin content, 62.40% water soluble materials. Application of the tannin extract as a vegetable tanning agent on goat skin was carried out chemical analysis, observation of physical and organoleptic properties. The quality of tanned skin was seen from the chemical properties, i.e. water content of 15.02%, 3.20% fat content, 3.44% ash content, 3.57% water soluble substances, 43.79% raw skin substances, 30.98% bonded tannins, 70.74% degree of tannage. Observation of physical properties of tanned skin were tensile strength 254.21 kg/cm 2 , 63.95% elongation at break, 9.27 mm zwik resistance/crack (non-broken nerf), thickness 0.9 mm, and brown color. A. auriculiformis bark extract contains tannins and potential as tanning agent. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan tanin dan metode ekstraksi terhadap karakteristik dan kadar tanin dari kulit kayu Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. Kulit kayu diperoleh dari HTI PT. Arara Abadi. Metode ekstrak yang digunakan water bath, ultrasonic bath, autoclave, refluks dan microwave. Ekstrak tanin yang dihasilkan diaplikasikan sebagai bahan penyamak nabati. Ekstrak yang digunakan adalah rendemen tertinggi dari metode yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi diperoleh dengan metode autoclave yaitu 29,65%. Hasil analisis kimia dari ekstrak yang dihasilkan kadar tanin adalah 52,79%, bahan larut air 62,40%. Aplikasi ekstrak tanin sebagai bahan penyamak nabati menggunakan kulit kambing dilakukan analisis kimia, pengamatan sifat fisik dan organoleptis. Kualitas kulit tersamak ditinjau dari sifat kimia diantaranya kadar air 15,02%, kadar lemak 3,20%, kadar abu 3,44%, kadar zat larut air 3,57%, kadar zat kulit mentah 43,79%, kadar tanin terikat 30,98% dan derajat penyamakan 70,74%. Pengamatan sifat fisik kulit tersamak yaitu kekuatan tarik 254,21 kg/cm 2 , kemuluran 63,95%, ketahanan zwik/keretakan 9,27 mm (nerf tidak pecah), ketebalan 0,9 mm, warna coklat. Ekstrak kulit kayu A. auriculiformis mengandung tanin dan berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan penyamak kulit.