ABSTRAKKulit biji kakao merupakan limbah dari industri pengolahan cokelat yang mengandung polifenol sebesar 5,78 %, sehingga berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber senyawa antioksidan alami. Tahapan penting dalam pengolahan biji kakao kering adalah penyangraian yang berguna untuk pengembangan citarasa khas cokelat. Industri pengolahan cokelat melakukan penyangraian dengan derajat ringan, sedang dan berat, berdasarkan produk yang dikehendaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh derajat penyangraian terhadap aktivitas antioksidan kulit biji kakao. Biji kakao kering disangrai pada derajat ringan (110 ºC selama 60 menit), sedang (140 ºC selama 40 menit) dan berat (190 ºC selama 15 menit). Polifenol kulit biji kakao diekstrak menggunakan aseton 70 %. Ekstrak polifenol kering dianalisis rendemen, total fenolik, RSA DPPH yang dinyatakan sebagai IC 50 dan penghambatan oksidasi asam linoleat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu penyangraian, rendemen yang diperoleh semakin kecil. Ekstrak polifenol kulit biji kakao dengan penyangraian derajat berat mempunyai rendemen paling kecil (8,07 % b/b). Ekstrak polifenol kulit biji kakao dengan penyangraian derajat sedang mempunyai total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan penangkap radikal DPPH paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 21,23 ± 0,39 mg EAG/g ekstrak kering dan nilai IC 50 74,31 ± 0,72 μg/mL. Ekstrak polifenol kulit biji kakao mampu menghambat oksidasi asam linoleat. Penyangraian meningkatkan aktivitas penghambatan oksidasi asam linoleat sebesar 6 % bila dibandingkan dengan ekstrak polifenol kulit biji kakao tanpa penyangraian. Perlu dilakukan penelitian selanjutnya untuk identifikasi senyawa antioksidan kulit biji kakao dari hasil penyangraian.Kata kunci: Aktivitas antioksidan; kulit biji kakao; polifenol; derajat penyangraian ABSTRACT Cocoa bean shell is waste from chocolate industry that containing polyphenol 5.78 % and can be used as natural antioxidant source. The most important step in cocoa processing is roasting. Roasting is needed for developing the chocolate flavor. Chocolate industries do their roasting with low, medium and high degree, depend on product's necessity. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of roasting degree toward cocoa bean shell antioxidant activity. Cocoa bean roasted at low degree (110 ºC for 60 minutes), medium (140 ºC for 40 minutes) and high (190 ºC for 15 minutes). Cocoa bean shell polyphenol was extracted with acetone 70 %. Yield, total phenolic, DPPH free
The purpose of this study was to determine the physical, chemical, and microbiological changes of ronto during storage at room and cold temperatures. Ronto was prepared by mixing fresh shrimp, salt, and rice with a ratio of 7 : 1 : 2 and fermented in a closed container for 14 days. Ronto produced was stored at room and cold (5o C) temperatures. Samples were withdrawn every 4 weeks and analyzed for its physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics. The characteristic changes of ronto stored at low temperature were generally slower than those at room temperature. The changes in colour, viscosity, acidity, total volatile bases, and microbial counts were lower in ronto kept at 5o C compared to those in ronto kept at room temperature. The colour of ronto stored at low temperature remained red after 20 weeks, whereas the colour of ronto kept at room temperature turned brownish after 20 weeks.
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