The design of the spear plays a key role in the Pelton wheel. In general, the spear is useful for increasing the velocity outlet of the nozzle. The maximum amount of the output velocity of the nozzle is mainly controlled by the spear. In this paper, the flow analysis in the Pelton wheel nozzle has been performed by varying the surface design of the spear with different dumps in different shapes and placed at different distances and with different sizes. The simulation in the paper is performed to obtain the optimal shaper and the optimal position for the complexity of the problem. We used the Taguchi design optimization method to obtain the optimal shaper to create the nozzle's higher velocity output. The flow simulation is performed in the ANSYS fluent software and the simulation is performed in fluent with the k-ε; the flow simulation is performed in the two-dimensional analysis. Taguchi optimization is performed in the Minitab software. The most optimal condition for the spear to obtain the maximum velocity is at the following aspect the model is inside a triangle and the overall length of the bump is 1mm and the number of bumps is 4 and the distance between the bumps is 1.75 mm from each other.

Aerofoil is a design with a curved exterior that gives the most commendable ratio of lift to drag. The aerofoil which allows for the flow at a margin range of angle has a more remarkable impact on the power spawning from the turbine. The conception and examination for the airfoil Structure have been implemented in the current work to raise the behavior of the flow with a commendatory condition by varying the position of maximum chamber thickness position thereby varying the angle of attack with 5 degrees interval from 0-25 degrees. The best model is studied with surface modifications to increase the flow separation and efficiency of lift.

The engine's interpretative thrust production, such as nozzles, has been restructured for higher staging. Modern expansions of combustion systems, such as rocket nozzles, will be adjusted to meet the needs of today's applications. In this paper an analytical study of fluid flow in a convergent-divergent nozzle with 4 inlets the nozzle is design with a convergent angle of 45 and a divergent angle of 15. we have observed the CFD of the C-D nozzle by swerving the inlet Mach parameter from 2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,5 This study observed the usage of the usage of the four inlets in the convergent and the divergent nozzle rather that a single inlet the study is caried out in the in the 2-D Simulation the Design of the nozzle is performed in the Solid-Works software and the simulation is performed in the Ansys fluent Software. The counter of the flow is been observed. The results concluded that in the analytic study the usage of the 4- Inlet is better than the single inlet. Key Words: Ansys, convergent-divergent nozzle, nozzle, CFD, Mach number

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The depletion of fossil fuels has raised an urgent demand for carrying out work for researchers and scientists to find an alternative fuel for a more stabilized emission and to minimize the environmental damage and their impact on the future generation. In the future, the energy system needs to be stabilized and has too renewable, sustainable, convenient, and efficient. The convection of all the combustion-based cars into the electric car may not be a suitable idea since the massive creation of the electricity in present technology is also a non-renewable source. So, research has come up with the idea of using alternative fuels in transportation to reduce carbon emissions and preserve fossil fuels for future generations. There is a variety of alternative fuels for an internal combustion engine. However, the hydrogen based internal combustion engine is estimated to be one of the most significant fuels in the near future to meet the stringent emission norms. The hydrogen usage in the internal combustion engine represents the alternation of petrol to produce the maximum amount of energy. In this paper, a study has been performed to understand the performance of the four-stroke hydrogen engine, which is compared with the standard four-stroke petrol engine to observe the energy supplied, energy losses by the exhaust gasses, thermal efficiency, and work done for both the engines.