ABSTRAKBawang putih banyak digunakan sebagai bumbu masakan dan obat herbal. Untuk mendukung pemakaian dan meningkatkan aplikasinya dalam mendukung keamanan pangan, maka pengembangan dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri bawang putih terhadap bakteri Gram positif (Staphylococcus aureus) dan Gram negatif (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Bawang putih digunakan dengan cara digiling hingga menjadi serbuk halus. Serbuk bawang putih kemudian dilarutkan dalam aquadest steril dan diperas sehingga didapatkan larutan bawang putih dengan konsentrasi 50%, 25% dan 12,5%. Daya antibakteri perasan bawang putih diuji dengan metode difusi menggunakan kertas cakram untuk mengetahui diameter daerah hambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk bawang putih memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan daya hambat masing-masing bakteri 13,78 mm terhadap S. aureus, 9 mm terhadap E. coli, 7,25 terhadap S. typhimurium dan 9,1 mm terhadap P. aeruginosa. Serbuk bawang putih juga efektif menghambat bakteri Gram positif S. aureus, maupun bakteri Gram negatif E. coli, S. typhimurium dan P. aeruginosa. Jadi bawang putih dapat digunakan sebagai dekontaminan terhadap empat jenis bakteri tersebut, terutama S. taphylococcus aureus karena zona hambat yang dibentuk paling besar untuk menjaga kualitas dan meningkatkan keamanan pangan pada bahan makanan seperti daging ayam . Kata kunci: Bawang putih (Allium sativum L), antibakteri ABSTRACTGarlic is widely used as a herbal medicine. In order to support the empirical use and improve its application in food safety, this study was conducted to test the antibacterial activity of garlic against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Garlic was used in the form of fine powder. Garlic powder then dissolved in sterile distilled water and squeezed to obtain garlic solution with a concentration of 50%, 25% and 12.5%. Antibacterial activity of garlic juice was tested by diffusion method using paper disc to determine diameter of bacterial growth inhibition zones. Screening results demonstrated that the chemical constituents of garlic powder were saponins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. Garlic powder has antibacterial activity to Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa. Garlic has antimicrobial potential and can be used as decontaminant against Escherichia coli to maintain quality of food safety such as meat.

Pasteurella multocide is a bacteria that causes snoring disease or Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) in Indonesia with high mortality and morbidity in heterogeneous species including cattle as a source of animal products with high economic value. The complexity of conventional and biochemical identification is a major obstacle in the detection of this disease because P. multocide has five serotypes A, B, D, E and F, while serotype B is the leading cause of HS cases in Asia including Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a research that can determine the serotype and molecular characterization and genetic study of five isolates of P. multocide from Lampung and Kupang by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. After PCR was performed on specific genes, capsular genes, 16S rRNA genes, sequencing and analysis using Bioedit, BLASTn, CLUSTALW and MEGA7.0.25, it was found that the five isolates were divided into two serotype groups: A and B. Isolate P. multocide (code: PMc) from Lampung is high homolog with ATCC isolate 12945, so it can be used as a positive control serotype A in the detection of other P. multocide isolates with PCR. Whereas, isolate P. multocide from Kupang can be used as positive control of serotype B because it is identical to P. multocide PMTB2.1 (CP007205.2) from Malaysia that is isolated from buffalo infected by HS.

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Septicemia epizootica (SE) is a common fatal systemic disease in cattle and buffalo due to Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 in South and Southeast Asia countries, including Indonesia. This infectious agent is generally considered an opportunistic pathogen and located in the nasopharynx of the animal. To support the disease’s diagnosis, an acceptable identification procedure must be established. This study was to confirm bovine P. multocida isolate that has been identified through biochemical approaches at the first step, with the Polymerase Chain Reaction method. The isolate was obtained from the fatal outbreak of cattle in Kupang in 2016 and subjected to be identified using biochemical characterization, but it was time consumed. The API 20NE was applied to identify the isolate and help to save time. The PCR result showed positive for 16 sRNA and kmt genes, both were classified as specific genes, and the capsular serotype was detected in less than 24 hours. It indicates that PCR confirms biochemical technique, and it is an appropriate and faster method in detecting pathogen agents than biochemical one.