Abstrak Indonesia sebagai negara yang multikultur menghadapi persoalan internal berupa melemahnya semangat kebangsaan dan memudarnya nilai-nilai budaya daerah sehingga memicu konflik SARA, ketidakadilan hingga krisis jati diri. Pluralitas bangsa Indonesia disatu sisi memang merupakan kekuatan, namun disisi lain menjadi rentan konflik bila tidak ada kesepahaman, toleransi dan saling pengertian dalam menyikapi perbedaan. Pendidikan multikultural dipandang sangat strategis dalam upaya membangun kesadaran tersebut. Tahap awal yang perlu segera dilakukan adalah penyadaran melalui sosialisasi yang dapat dimulai pada level sekolah, untuk bisa saling mengenal dan memahami keanekaragaman budaya, sehingga menumbuhkan sikap saling menghargai identitas etnik yang sama maupun berbeda. Implementasi pendidikan multikultural di level sekolah tidak dilakukan secara terpisah melainkan terintegrasi dalam mata pelajaran, termasuk matematika. Model pembelajaran matematika berbasis pendidikan multikultural dikembangkan dari lima dimensi pendidikan multikultural James Banks yaitu integrasi budaya dalam konten matematika, konstruksi pengetahuan matematika melalui konteks dan pemahaman budaya, kesetaraan pedagogik, mengurangi prejudice dan memberdayakan kultur sekolah yang kondusif. Pembelajaran matematika berbasis pendidikan multikultural bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan prestasi belajar matematika sekaligus menumbuhkan kesadaran, kesepahaman, toleransi, saling pengertian dan semangat kebangsaan individu siswa sebagai bagian dari masyarakat yang multikultur. Kata kunci: pembelajaran matematika, ethnomathematics, pendidikan multikultural

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh pendekatan Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) dan pelatihan metakognitif terhadap peningkatan kemampuan siswa dan proses memecahkan masalah. Penelitian ekperimen semu ini dengan desain pretes-postes menggunakan kelompok non-ekuivalen, dua kelompok eksperimen dan dua kelompok kontrol. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Sleman. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik sampling tersedia. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tes, angket, wawancara, dan observasi dan dianalisis dengan analisis kovarians. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa memecah masalah yang memperoleh pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan PMRI dan pelatihan metakognitif lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan pendekatan konvensional, yaitu terdapat perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan, dengan nilai F=5,506 dan p<0,05. dan uji lanjut dengan qTK=5,0612 dan p<0,05, ada perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan mengevalusi solusi (Effect Size=3,478) dan kemampuan memahami ruang lingkup masalah (Effect Size=0,64), serta siswa menyatakan senang pembelajaran dan kegiatan pemecahan masalah, memiliki keyakinan positif, menunjukkan antusiasme, keceriaan dan kreativitas yang tinggi dalam proses pembelajaran matematika. Kata kunci:      pembelajaran matematika, pendekatan PMRI, pelatihan metakognitif, kemampuan pemecahan masalah

This study was conducted to explain the teacher’s belief of school mathematics subjects in relation to their concepts of mathematical literacy based on local culture. The participants were three mathematics teachers at Junior High School in Java, Indonesia. They were chosen because they met the criteria, namely having at least five years teaching experience, having the awareness to conduct ethnomathematics studies, and teaching mathematics at school using local cultures minimum in one academic year. Research data were collected through interviews, observations during the teaching and learning process, and lesson plans. The data were then analysed using the interactive models of Miles and Huberman. The results of the study showed that mathematics was believed as a tool for solving problems in everyday life, which was related to human and cultural dimensions. The conception of teaching mathematical literacy based on local culture, as according to teacher perceptions, had not placed local culture as an evaluation tool for the development of mathematical literacy. This was because mathematical literacy was not yet believed to be a social construction developed based on mathematical ideas and practices in local culture.

This study aims to describe junior high school student’s perception of Borobudur Temple as mathematic learning resources. Borobudur Temple is well known as having extraordinary architecture built algorithmically. The parts of Borobudur Temple such as the stupa, statue, and wall carvings (relief) consist of many geometric models. This study employs an ethnomathematics perspective in describing perceptions about cultural artefacts as a mathematical model. The result of this study may be used as a basis for developing meaningful mathematic learning in schools. The sample of the study was 313 students ofjunior high school located near Borobudur Temple. The measure of the sampling adequacy with KMO is 0.86 from which confirms that the number of the sample is sufficient. The data were collected using a questionnaire with Likert scale 1 to 4 with the following range: (1) disagree, (2) neutral, (3) agree, and (4) strongly agree. The exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors of perception of Borobudur Temple as a mathematic model, those are: (1) Borobudur Temple is a geometry model, (2) Borobudur Temple can be used as mathematic learning source at school, and (3) learning mathematics from Borobudur Temple is helpful for students. The total variance reached 49,572%. The value of Cronbach alpha was 0,8204 for the 14 items. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to attain average items of mean and average standard deviation for each factor. The result of the research shows that: (1) students agree that Borobudur Temple is a geometry model, (2) Borobudur Temple can be used as mathematic learning source at school, and (3) learning mathematics from Borobudur Temple is helpful for them.

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