Calcium (Ca) and silica (Si) ions have attracted intense interest in biomedical applications. The two ions are directly involved in many biological processes; for instance, Ca plays a key role in regulating cellular responses to bioceramics, promoting cell growth, and differentiation into osteoblasts. Si plays a significant role in bone calcification and is helpful for bone density improvement and inhibiting osteoporosis. Calcium silicate ceramics including a large group of trace metal containing calcium silicate‐based compounds are involved in biomedical applications such as repairing hard tissue texture, bone scaffolds, bone cements, or implant coatings. The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive overview of developments in research on calcium silicate‐based ceramics, such as wollastonite (CaSiO3), diopside (CaMgSi2O6), akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7), bredigite (Ca7Mg(SiO4)4), merwinite (Ca3MgSi2O8), monticellite (CaMgSiO4), hardystonite (Ca2Zn(Si2O7), and baghdadite (Ca3ZrSi2O9), including degradation, apatite mineralization, and mechanical properties. Finally, the biological in vitro and in vivo presentation for bone tissue repair are summarized, which show promise with regard to application of calcium silicate‐based ceramics as bone repair and replacement materials.

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Calcium silicate ceramics have received significant attention for biomedical applications for their excellent bioactivity and osteoconduction properties. Sol‐gel process is extensively used for the fabrication of calcium silicates. In sol‐gel process, calcium nitrate tetra hydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) are used as precursors. However, these precursors are expensive. The objective of this work was to compare in vitro behavior of calcium silicate (CaSiO3) produced using biowaste such as rice husk ash (RHA) and eggshells (coded; NCS) with CaSiO3 prepared using TEOS and Ca(NO3)2·4H2O (coded; CCS). Thermal investigation results revealed that the crystallization temperature for NCS is relatively lower (772°C) than for CCS (870°C). Bioactivity was studied in vitro using simulated body fluid (SBF) with respect to mineralization rate of hydroxyapatite. Mineralization of a greater hydroxyapatite was observed on NCS ceramics than CCS ceramics after incubation for 3, 7, 14 days in SBF solution, which was confirmed using X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy. Degradation studies were conducted in Tris‐HCl solution and the test results revealed that NCS ceramics has lower dissolution rate than CCS ceramics. The antimicrobial assay has shown that NCS samples exhibit significant zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus which confirmed that the CaSiO3 prepared from RHA and eggshell can prevent bacteria from adhering to the surface. In addition cell culture studies revealed that NCS ceramics possess good cytocompatibility with MG‐63 cells and significantly promoted cell proliferation.