Aim:The aim of this study was to compare fentanyl and butorphanol for the relief of postoperative shivering in spinal anesthesia.Materials and Methods:A total of 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Class I and II patients aged 19–60 years belonging to both sexes who were posted for elective surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups (fentanyl and butorphanol) and monitored intraoperatively for the occurrence of shivering and time taken to control shivering after administration of fentanyl and butorphanol drugs.Results:Relief of shivering is rapid and more effective with fentanyl than butorphanol. There is a significant increase in pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate (RR), and decreased in oxygen saturation at the onset of shivering and also a decrease in core body temperature. Sedation, nausea, vomiting, and recurrence of shivering are more with butorphanol with fentanyl.Conclusion:On the basis of the study, it is concluded that fentanyl is more effective and takes less time to control perioperative shivering as compared to butorphanol.

OBJECTIVEElevated blood pressure is one of the most common and important risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Both hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are prevalent in epidemic proportions due to genetic, environmental and metabolic factors associated with modern lifestyle. In the present study we investigated the role of age, diet and physical activity on arterial blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study was conducted on randomly selected subjects with different dietary preferences and physical activity levels. They were placed in various groups based on their age, diet (Vegetarians/Non-vegetarians) and physical activity (sedentary/physically active). General body measurements, blood pressure and cardiac output were measured and using ANOVA, the data was analysed. RESULTSAll the three age groups showed changes in mean arterial pressure and cardiac output. The cardiac output values were raised in the non-vegetarian groups in comparison with the vegetarian groups of all the ages and in the physically active groups when comparing with the physically inactive groups. The physically active vegetarian group has significantly lower mean blood pressure values when compared with the physically inactive vegetarians. Similarly, non-vegetarians who are physically active have lower mean blood pressure values in comparison with the physically inactive non-vegetarian group. But when only diet was compared, non-vegetarians showed higher blood pressure values. CONCLUSIONVegetarian diet and increased physical activity act as confounding factors due to their varied action on blood pressure changes associated with age. Both diet and physical activity levels modify the blood pressure and cardiac output values, but the influence of vegetarian diet seems to be more than that of physical activity in the elderly age groups and impact of physical activity is more than diet in the younger age groups.

Aim:The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intravenous paracetamol and tramadol in relieving of postoperative pain after general anesthesia for nephrectomy in prospective donor patients for kidney transplantation.Materials and Methods:A randomized study was conducted on 100 adult patients scheduled for nephrectomy aged from 35 to 55 years of both sexes and divided into two groups and were administered intravenous paracetamol and tramadol for postoperative pain relief and assessed with visual analog scale score and variations in vital parameters to assess extent of pain relief.Results:After statistical interpretation of collected data, the observations were extrapolated. There was a statistically significant difference in the pain intensity scores obtained between the paracetamol and tramadol groups.Conclusion:On the basis of the present study, it is concluded that tramadol due to its lesser onset of action time was superior to paracetamol in providing acute postoperative pain relief.

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BACKGROUND:The purpose of the study was to analyze serum magnesium concentration in patients undergoing Aortic and Mitral Valve replacement surgeries. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in 60 patients who underwent elective Aortic and Mitral valve replacement surgeries. Blood samples from radial artery were collected just before induction of anesthesia and three days post-operatively for estimation of serum magnesium. RESULTS: Magnesium level was 2.02mg/dl at baseline, 2.28mg/dl, 2.08mg/dl and 1.90mg/dl respectively on three consecutive days post-operatively. CONCLUSION: The lowering of serum magnesium in Aortic and Mitral valve replacement surgeries postoperatively recommends the use of routine serum magnesium determination and administration to prevent post-operative arrhythmias.