Diprosopus is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by partial or complete duplication of the craniofacial structure. It constitutes 0.4% of all congenital anomalies. Complete duplications are invariably associated with systemic anomalies. Here, we present such a case of diprosopus with complete duplication of face in a 24-week-old male fetus, associated with anencephaly and spinal rachischisis. Proposed theory of embryogenesis and associated anomalies are also discussed.
Introduction Mucinous carcinoma (MC) is a rare form of breast cancer. It accounts for 1 to 7% of the cases and characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin (ECM). Depending on the amount of mucin, it is classified into pure mucinous carcinoma (> 90%, PMC) and mixed mucinous carcinoma (MMC; < 90%). In comparison to most common subtypes, MC is having better prognosis. There exist clinicopathological differences among PMC and MMC and also MC and IDC-NOS.
Materials and Methods MCs diagnosed between January 2012 and December 2017 were included. Fine needle aspiration cytology smears were screened for cellularity, ECM, nuclear pleomorphism, signet ring cells (SRC), mucinophages, and myxovascular fragments (MVF). Histopathology slides were screened to confirm the diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry slides were graded as per the standard protocol. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software.
Results In the present study, MC constituted 3.3%. The mean age of the patients was 50.9 years. ECM, mucinophages, and SRC were the key diagnostic cytological features. The PMC and MMC were clinicopathologically distinct with respect to gross findings and lymph node status. MMCs were highly proliferative. The mean duration of follow-up was 24.5 months. Complications were more common in MMC than PMC. Lymph node involvement is the key prognostic factor and it is independent of other prognostic factors like age, size, and hormonal receptor status.
Conclusion PMC are rare subtype of breast cancer. The diagnostic cytological features are ECM, MVF, and SRC. MMC and PMC are clinicopathologically and genetically distinct.
Introduction:
Cutaneous metastasis (CM) is an uncommon clinical presentation and poses trouble in diagnosis. However, it is remarkable and can occur due to a known or an unknown primary tumor. Despite the fact that clinical assessment helps in the diagnosis, Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a modest, basic, and quick principle line of investigation for the finding of CM.
Materials and Methods:
It was a retrospective study conducted in the department of pathology at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study was conducted from January 2010 to May 2020. All cases of CM that has been diagnosed by FNAC were included.
Results:
During the study period, a total of 37 cases of CM were observed, constituting 0.15% of all FNACs. The age of the patients ranged from 35 to 74 years, and the male: female ratio was 1.05:1. Primary tumor was known in all 37 cases. Among males, lung carcinoma was the more common whereas breast was the most common organ of primary among females. The most common lesion was a single nodule (27 cases), with predominant site being chest wall (32.5%), and the most common tumor at microscopy was metastatic adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion:
FNAC is a fast and safe procedure that can be utilized as a first line of investigation in diagnosing metastatic skin lesions. Basic assessment of cytomorphology alongside significant clinical subtleties could help in recognizing the site of an unknown primary.
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