Introduction: Cardio vascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes mellitus (DM) contributing to 65% of all deaths with diabetic complications. Detection of the deranged lipid profile in the pre-diabetic state has been shown to be associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. This study was planned to compare changes in lipid profiles of patients with pre-diabetes and diabetes in population of Lucknow, India. Material and Methods: A total of 236 cases (115 Pre-diabetic and 121 Diabetic) who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study were enrolled. The patients were evaluated for serum fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar (PPBS), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), in the two groups. The results were statistically analysed using SPSS statistical package version 20. Results: The mean value of total cholesterol were 179.21±8.12mg/dl in pre-diabetics and 182.31±7.99mg/dl in diabetics, which was statistically not significant (p=0.003). The mean value of triglyceride in pre-diabetics was 134.43±5.21mg/dl and in diabetics 167.87±7.37mg/dl which is statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The altered lipid profile in pre-diabetics signifies an increased susceptibility to CVD in the long run. Therefore, screening of pre-diabetics for dyslipidemia is recommended to arrest the development of cardiovascular complications.

Objective: To compare the heart score with emergency department assessment of chest pain score (EDACS) in prediction of MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Events) among patients presenting with undifferentiated chest pain in north Indian setting. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences. Lucknow. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Institute. The consent was taken from each participant before including in the study. All patients presenting to Emergency department with undifferentiated chest pain were included in the study. A total of 118 patients were included in the study. Results: About one third of patients were below 50 years of age (35.6%) followed by 61-70 (34.7%) and 50-60 (29.7%) years. The mean age of patients was 58.33±12.86 years. Majority of patients were males (71.2%). The incidence of MACE was 53.4%. Both HEART and EDACS score were significantly (p<0.01) higher among patients whom MACE was present than absent. HEART score>5 correctly predicted 39% MACE cases with sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 49.1% respectively. However, EDACS score>16 correctly predicted 40.7% MACE cases with sensitivity and specificity of 76.2% and 54.5% respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that HEART and EDACS scores have good sensitivity in predicting MACE at the emergency department. The HEART and EDACS scores for chest pain patients at the emergency department provides the clinician with a quick and reliable predictor of outcome shortly after arrival of the patient, without computer-required calculating. In patients with high HEART scores (7-10) the high risk of MACE may indicate more aggressive policies.