The present study shows not much worsening of oral health status in the study population. A little extra care by the parent or caretaker regarding oral hygiene can give drastic results in reduction of dental caries.

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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial illness among febrile infants and preschool children with a reported prevalence between 4.1% and 7.5%. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence of urinary tract infection in preschool febrile children.Methods: Cross sectional study conducted in pediatric OPD of a Government teaching hospital with 500 febrile preschool children aged 3 to 6 years. Results: Prevalence of UTI in febrile preschool children aged 3-6 years was 2.9% in males and 5.5% in females with overall prevalence of 4%. 15% had temperature > 39.3 oC. 45% had dysuria, 35% had vomiting. 25% and 20% had increased frequency and burning micturition respectively. 70% patients with UTI and 30% cases without UTI had proteinuria. 95% patients had pus cells > 5 per HPF. 60% patients had bacteria in their urine where as in culture negative cases only 1.04% had bacteria. E coli was the common organism isolated (80%), followed by Klebsiella. Majority were resistant to Ampicillin (55%). 75% of microorganisms were sensitive to ceftriaxone. 70% were sensitive to gentamycin, norfloxacin and cephalexin. 5% UTI cases had RFT. KUB X-ray was normal in all the cases. 20% of cases showed features suggestive of acute pyelonephritis on Ultrasonography. 1 out of 4 Patients who underwent Intravenous pyelography showed hydronephrosis. 2 out of 4 cases showed VUR in MCU.Conclusions: UTI is a potential cause of fever in children below 6 years of age. Urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of UTI in children. Parents should be educated about the importance of UTI and its long-term complications.

In Pediatric Dentistry, the use of pit and fissure sealant is one of the essential forms of prevention. Pit and fissure caries may be substantially decreased by obliteration of these developmental defects in occlusal, buccal and lingual surfaces with resin based dental sealants. Visible light-curing units, or LCUs, are an integral part of modern adhesive dentistry" They are used to cure resin based composite restoration materials, resin modified glass-ionomer and pit and fissure sealants, as well as to bond orthodontic teeth. Most recently, the argon laser has been approved for initiating the setting reaction with visible light cured-resins. Argon curing of resin materials has been show to enhance the physical properties and degree of polymerization of the resin, while reducing the polymerization time by 75 percent. The study is undertaken considering the inadequate research reports of regarding the comparison of curing ability using argon laser. LEDs and visible light as well as the resistant towards caries activity of the preventive fluoride releasing pit and fissure sealant cured by above mentioned curing units.

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