КАРТОГРАФИРОВАНИЕ ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ РАЙОНОВ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕСТАБИЛИЗАЦИИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ АРКТИКЕ АННОТАЦИЯСоставлена прогнозная карта формирования потенциальных горячих точек и им-пактных районов, сопряженных с экологической дестабилизацией, сопровождающей осуществление программ хозяйственного освоения Арктической зоны Российской Фе-дерации, принятых в последние годы. Для выявления горячих точек использована усо-вершенствованная методика, разработанная экспертами МГУ, ААНИИ, Минприроды РФ, Минэкономики РФ, РАН, РОСГИДРОМЕТа и др. в ходе выполнения проекта ГЭФ в 2000 г. по выявлению экологических «горячих точек» на севере России. На первом этапе она включала определение характера неблагоприятного экологического воздейс-твия, его масштабы, затем -направления экологической дестабилизации.В настоящей работе эти показатели определялись на основе сравнения с уже име-ющимися аналогами экспертных оценок, основанных на изучении характера неблаго-приятных экологических изменений, полученных в результате многолетних полевых наблюдений. Всего было выявлено около 20 потенциальных горячих точек, связанных с развитием промышленного (добыча полезных ископаемых) и транспортного при-родопользования (инфраструктура Северного морского пути, строительство новых железнодорожных веток и т. п.), а также с расширением селитебного природопользо-вания в условиях неустойчивых к антропогенным воздействиям геосистем. Оформ-ление карты соответствует принятому на опубликованной ранее в рамках указанного проекта карте, что позволяет проводить необходимые сравнения. Пояснительная за-писка к карте включает краткую характеристику выявленного объекта по анализиру-емым показателям в табличной форме. Группировки точек, обозначенные на карте, свидетельствуют о риске формирования новых импактных районов в случае отсутс-твия необходимых компенсационных мероприятий по реабилитации природной среды и экологической оптимизации нового производства. MAPPING OF POTENTIAL REGIONS OF ECOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC ABSTRACTA forecast map was compiled presenting potential ecological hot spots and impact zones originated from ecological destabilization connected with implementation of the Arctic zone economic development programs adopted recently. To reveal hot-spots we used revised methods elaborated by experts from MSU, AARI, Ministries of Natural Resources and Economic Development of Russia, RAS, Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring etc. for detection of ecological hot spots at the Russian North in the frames of GEF project (2000). At the first stage type of unfavorable ecological impact, its scale were studied, followed by vectors of ecological disturbances. Analogies with the already existing hot spots, expert experiences of long-term field investigations of unfavorable ecological changes patterns were used in our work to find these characteristics. About 20 hot-spots connected with industrial (mineral resources extraction) and transport infrastructure activities (The Northern Sea Route infrastructure, new railway ...

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The article provides an overview of existing approaches to assessing the ecological conditions of the environment. An integral assessment of the current ecological conditions with a high level of anthropogenic impact on the environment and the constantly increasing population of the Earth is an important task aimed at determining the strategic path of sustainable development of countries and their regions. Environmental indicators used for this purpose should be representative of environmental conditions and be suitable for regular monitoring at various scale levels. Ecological conditions is an important factor of the quality of life, the role of which is steadily increasing. The article shows approaches to assessing the quality of life, taking into account environmental conditions of countries and their regions, and provides a variant of integral assessment for Russian cities using state statistics and environmental monitoring data. A study was carried out on the applicability of various indicators to assess the quality of life. Resulted map of the Russian cities quality of life shows the spatial distribution of the quality of life over the territory of Russia.

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The authors present a method of joint and separate use of remote sensing data and state statistics to assess the quality of atmospheric air in Russian regions. The simultaneous use of information obtained from various sources and characterizing different aspects of air quality enables assessing the subject of the study better. The emission data was obtained from the State Report “About conditions and protection of the environment in the Russian Federation in 2019”, and that from the AURA/OMI was used to assess the pollutants concentrations. The methodology is based on the aggregation of various pollutants’ emission indicators and their concentration in the atmospheric column into integral indices using Cartesian distances to the worst unit. It is shown that each index separately does not make an objective picture of the air quality. A typological approach was applied to identify the regions similar in terms of the structure of anthropogenic impact on the atmospheric air, as well as to the content of major pollutants. Five typological groups for emissions and six ones for the content of pollutants were identified. The integral air quality index was calculated and the corresponding maps were compiled using heterogeneous data. It is shown that such an approach differentiates the regions much more clearly and makes it possible to draw more accurate conclusions on the quality of the atmospheric air.