The paper presents the problems of applications of stratospheric systems to increase the tactical and reconnaissance capabilities of the Polish Armed Forces. The paper contains the results from examples of simulations which were designed to determine the cost/performance ratio of the production and operation of aerostats with strictly identified technical parameters in the context of their operational capabilities. It also describes the principles of operation of aerostats for the support of intelligence collection and the limitations imposed on aerostats by the specificity of tropospheric and stratospheric regions.

The article presents the analysis of the threats to Polish Navy ships resulting from the development by the Baltic Sea countries of missile systems or turbojet missiles. The most popular varieties and types of missiles that could be used against Polish Navy vessels were described and classified taking into account mainly the potential of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Federation (BF FR), as well as an analysis of the latest global trends in the area of counteracting these missiles. The article presents the conclusions drawn from exemplary simulations of the attack of modern anti-ship missiles. The article also contains references to the ways of determining the probability of avoiding a rocket attack and the measure of the effectiveness of self-defence of attacked ships. The work contains conclusions regarding desirable traits from the systems of self-defence of ships on the modern battlefield with particular emphasis on the character of the Polish Navy. The article presents an analysis of the threats to ships of the Polish Navy, resulting from the development in the Baltic Sea countries, missile/turbojet anti-ship systems. Were described and classified most popular varieties and types of missiles applicable to fight Polish Navy ships and described latest global trends P. Dobrzyński, S. Lipski, B. Machowski, R. Miętkiewicz, M. Krawczak 118 Scientific Journal of PNA -Zeszyty Naukowe AMW counteracted against these missiles. The article presents the conclusions drawn from exemplary simulations of the attack of modern anti-ship missiles. The article also contains references to the ways of determining the probability of avoiding a rocket attack and the measure of the effectiveness of self-defence of attacked ships. The work contains conclusions regarding desirable traits from the systems of self-defence of ships on the modern battlefield, with particular emphasis on the nature of the Polish Navy.Key words:marine combat systems, safety and protection of shipping, armaments and specialized equipment, port and critical infrastructure protection, armament and specialist equipment, anti-ship systems of the potential enemy, self-defence and ship masking systems.

One of the directions of modern development in the field of material research is the inclusion of features, enabling them to detect external stimuli and change their own properties in order to adapt to changes in the environment. Such materials evoke a new design philosophy that combines the actions of sensors, executive mechanisms, and control functions in one structure, which are capable of changing their response, depending on changes detected in the environment.In the article, the authors confront the expectations of theoretical solutions with the practical possibilities of modern technologies for the creation of intelligent engineering materials.

This article is an attempt to interest the subjects associated with maritime technology -in the possibilities of increasing the safety of Polish Navy ships (or civilian ships), which may be threatened by attacks of maneuvering missiles and drones moving at low altitude at high speed. The concept proposed by the team was initially verified in simulation tests and the obtained results of these studies indicate that the automated missile self-defence system based on guided and unguided missiles with caliber 40 mm and 70 mm, can be an effective means of self-defence (even the smallest vessels). Small dimensions and mass as well as simplicity of use and reliability of this weapon system allow to believe that 40 mm MLRS 1 could also be used by special forces of Polish Navy in offensive operations (destruction of lightly armoured objects of surface or ground, vehicles, 1 Multi Launch Rocket System.

The article presents the analysis of the threats to ships of the Polish Navy resulting from the implementation systems of active neutralization for missiles of MANPADS (e.g. Grom, Igla, Mistral) to the armed forces of the Russian Federation.The paper describes the most popular sea anti-aircraft missile sets based on MANPADS missiles and the capabilities of Russian multi-sensor systems for protection of Vitebsk class helicopters and aircraft (President-S). The article contains conclusions from the analysis of the capabilities of weapon systems and active disruption systems in the confrontation of a present ship with a modern combat helicopter and proposals for solving this problem by means of the diversification of missile of anti-aircraft systems. Scientific Journal of PNA -Zeszyty Naukowe AMW Key words: marine combat systems, safety and security of navigation, multi-sensor MANPADS counteraction systems, armament and specialist equipment, rocket self-defence systems.Modern marine forces mainly operate on coastal areas, which generates a specific set of threats. Due to the semi-closed nature of the Baltic Sea, with a meridional Capabilities to combat helicopters by warships of Polish Navy… (214) 2018 113Słowa kluczowe: morskie systemy walki, bezpieczeństwo i ochrona żeglugi, wielosensorowe systemy przeciwdziałania MANPADS, uzbrojenie i sprzęt specjalistyczny, rakietowe systemy samoobrony okrętów.