Plants contain water-soluble chlorophyll-binding proteins (WSCPs) that function neither as antennas nor as components of light-induced electron transfer of photosynthesis but are likely constituents of regulatory protective pathways in particular under stress conditions. This study presents results on the spectroscopic properties of recombinant WSCP from cauliflower reconstituted with chlorophyll b (Chl b) alone or with mixtures of Chl a and Chl b. Two types of experiments were performed: (a) measurements of stationary absorption spectra at 77 and 298 K and CD spectra at 298 K and (b) monitoring of laser flash-induced transient absorption changes with a resolution of 200 fs in the time domain of up to 100 ps. On the basis of a theoretical analysis outlined by Renger et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 10487) the data obtained in part (a) are interpreted within a model where tetrameric WSCP binds predominantly two Chl molecules in the form of an excitonically coupled "open sandwich" dimer with a tilt angle of about 30 degrees between the chlorin planes. The time-resolved measurements on Chl a/Chl b heterodimers are described by two exponential kinetics with time constants of 400 fs and 7 ps. These kinetics are assumed to reflect a heterogeneous population of WSCPs with Chl dimers either in excitonic coupled "open sandwich" or weakly coupled geometric arrays. The 400 fs component is assigned to excited-state relaxations from the upper to the lower excitonic level of the strongly coupled "open sandwich" dimer, while the 7-8 ps component probably indicates excitation energy transfer from 1Chl b* to Chl a in a dimer array with weak coupling due to significantly longer mutual distances between the chlorin rings.

Intrinsic Raman spectra of biological tissue are distorted by the influences of tissue absorption and scattering, which significantly challenge signal quantification. A combined Raman and spatially resolved reflectance setup is introduced to measure the absorption coefficient micro(a) and the reduced scattering coefficient micro(s) (') of the tissue, together with the Raman signals. The influence of micro(a) and micro(s) (') on the resonance Raman signal of beta-carotene is measured at 1524 cm(-1) by tissue phantom measurements and Monte Carlo simulations for micro(a)=0.01 to 10 mm(-1) and micro(s) (')=0.1 to 10 mm(-1). Both methods show that the Raman signal drops roughly proportional to 1 micro(a) for micro(a)>0.2 mm(-1) in the measurement geometry and that the influence of micro(s) (') is weaker, but not negligible. Possible correction functions dependent on the elastic diffuse reflectance are investigated to correct the Raman signal for the influence of micro(a) and micro(s) ('), provided that micro(a) and micro(s) (') are measured as well. A correction function based on the Monte Carlo simulation of Raman signals is suggested as an alternative. Both approaches strongly reduce the turbidity-induced variation of the Raman signals and allow absolute Raman scattering coefficients to be determined.

Micro-concentrator solar cells offer an attractive way to further enhance the efficiency of planar-cell technologies while saving absorber material. Here, two laser-based bottom-up processes for the fabrication of regular arrays of CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 microabsorber islands are presented, namely one approach based on nucleation and one based on laser-induced forward transfer. Additionally, a procedure for processing these microabsorbers to functioning micro solar cells connected in parallel is demonstrated. The resulting cells show up to 2.9% efficiency and a significant efficiency enhancement under concentrated illumination.

A bottom-up approach is presented for the production of arrays of indium islands on a molybdenum layer on glass, which can serve as micro-sized precursors for indium compounds such as copper-indium-gallium-diselenide used in photovoltaics. Femtosecond laser ablation of glass and a subsequent deposition of a molybdenum film or direct laser processing of the molybdenum film both allow the preferential nucleation and growth of indium islands at the predefined locations in a following indium-based physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. A proper choice of laser and deposition parameters ensures the controlled growth of indium islands exclusively at the laser ablated spots. Based on a statistical analysis, these results are compared to the non-structured molybdenum surface, leading to randomly grown indium islands after PVD.