The groin region is subdivided into two distinct anatomic areas: the inguinal canal and the femoral triangle. A series of cross-sectional imaging cases illustrate that a good understanding of the local anatomic characteristics of the groin allows confident characterization of groin pathologic conditions. Such conditions can be classified into five major groups: congenital abnormalities, noncongenital hernias, vascular conditions, infectious or inflammatory processes, and neoplasms. Congenital entities include hernias, cysts, undescended testis, and retractile testes. Ultrasound (US) is useful in depicting these conditions. In the second group, noncongenital hernias, US allows visualization of bowel loops in peristalsis within the hernia. Herniography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are also helpful in diagnosis. Among vascular conditions, false aneurysms may be detected from the turbulent flow through the tract at Doppler US. The characteristic venous flow of varicoceles is best diagnosed with US during the Valsalva maneuver. Infectious or inflammatory conditions include, among others, hematomas, which appear hyperattenuating at CT and have variable appearances, depending on the age of the blood products, at MR imaging. The origins of neoplasms may be assessed at CT and MR imaging, although appearances of solid tumors are relatively nonspecific.

These preliminary results show that percutaneous RF ablation is a safe and technically feasible management option for unresectable pulmonary malignancies. CT densitometry may have potential for future use as a noninvasive method of following up tumors after RF ablation.

In many patients the optimal method of investigation of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL) is not clear. We performed a prospective randomized pragmatic trial to determine the comparative effectiveness of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy (EBUS-TBLB) and CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy (CT-PNB) for the investigation of PPL. Overall complication rates were higher in those undergoing CT-PNB (27% v 3%, p = 0.03), while diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBLB was shown to be non-inferior to that of CT-PNB. Expected diagnostic accuracy and complication rates are likely to differ for individual patients on the basis of specific complex clinicoradiologic factors, which will influence the cost-benefit analysis between EBUS-TBLB and CT-PNB for individual patients. Further studies are required to examine the effect of these factors on clinical decision-making.

AAC detected by lateral lumbar X-ray is highly prevalent in our cohort of Australian HD patients and is associated with cardiovascular disease, increasing age and duration of HD. This semi-quantitative method of determining vascular calcification is widely available and inexpensive and may assist cardiovascular risk stratification.

Considering the higher rate of recurrence in aggressive meningiomas even after radical surgical excision and the possibility that the recurrent tumor is more aggressive than the original one, surgery should be combined with postoperative fractionated radiotherapy to improve local tumor control. The peculiar focal expression patterns of anaplastic meningioma in MIB-1 might be a marker of such malignant development.