The goal of this research project is to find an answer to today's most urgent social and ecological questions as the global population continuously increases and the available resources remain limited. As the central approach to the solution of this problem, adaptive elements will be included in the structure, the interior and the façade of an experimental 37 m tall building. This paper introduces the topic of adaptivity in building structures and provides an overview of the research topics applied in this globally unique adaptive high-rise building. Due to the complexity of research topics of this Collaborative Research Centre, this paper only covers the research concerning the experimental high-rise building.
Increased residual platelet reactivity remains a burden for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who received a coronary stent and do not respond sufficiently to treatment with acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel. We hypothesized that serotonin antagonism reduces high on-treatment platelet reactivity. Whole blood impedance aggregometry was performed with arachidonic acid (AA, 0.5 mM) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 6.5 µM) in addition to different concentrations of serotonin (1–100 µM) in whole blood from 42 CAD patients after coronary stent placement and 10 healthy subjects. Serotonin increased aggregation dose-dependently in CAD patients who responded to clopidogrel treatment: After activation with ADP, aggregation increased from 33.7±1.3% to 40.9±2.0% in the presence of 50 µM serotonin (p<0.05) and to 48.2±2.0% with 100 µM serotonin (p<0.001). The platelet serotonin receptor antagonist ketanserin decreased ADP-induced aggregation significantly in clopidogrel low-responders (from 59.9±3.1% to 37.4±3.5, p<0.01), but not in clopidogrel responders. These results were confirmed with light transmission aggregometry in platelet-rich plasma in a subset of patients. Serotonin hence increased residual platelet reactivity in patients who respond to clopidogrel after coronary stent placement. In clopidogrel low-responders, serotonin receptor antagonism improved platelet inhibition, almost reaching responder levels. This may justify further investigation of triple antiplatelet therapy with anti-serotonergic agents.
Die menschengemachten CO2‐Emissionen sind weiterhin viel zu hoch, um die 2015 im Pariser Klimaabkommen gesetzten Ziele – nämlich eine Beschränkung der Erderwärmung auf 1,5 °C im Vergleich zum vorindustriellen Zeitraum – zu erreichen. Das Bauwesen spielt dabei eine besondere Rolle, denn es ist anteilig der größte Emittent des klimaschädlichen Gases CO2. Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht deshalb Umfang und Reduktionspotenzial der grauen Emissionen, die für Herstellung, Einbau und Abbruch von tragwerksrelevanten Bauelementen in Deutschland entstehen. Ziel ist es hierbei, einzuhaltende Grenzwerte aufzuzeigen und zu erläutern, welche Maßnahmen bereits in frühen Planungsphasen eine deutliche Reduktion der grauen Emissionen möglich machen.
Die „Große Beschleunigung“ bei Bevölkerungszahlen, klimaschädlichen Emissionen, Wasserverbrauch und vielem anderen stellt die gesamte Menschheit vor große Herausforderungen. Dies trifft besonders auf das Bauschaffen zu. Es gilt, zukünftig für mehr Menschen mit weniger Material emissionsfrei zu bauen. Hierfür muss unsere Art des Planens, Bauens und Nutzens von Bauwerken neu gedacht und neu konzipiert werden. Auf der bautechnischen Seite bedeutet dies die konsequente flächendeckende Umsetzung von Leichtbaustrategien. Zu diesen zählt neben dem klassischen Leichtbau und den Gradientenbauweisen auch das Bauen mit adaptiven Hüllen und Strukturen. Unter Adaptivität sind dabei unterschiedliche Veränderungen der Geometrie, der physikalischen Eigenschaften von einzelnen Bauteilen oder von ganzen Bauwerken zu verstehen. Durch Adaption können Spannungsfelder homogenisiert, Bauteilverformungen reduziert und bauphysikalische Verhalten von Bauteilen verändert werden. All dies verringert nicht nur den Materialbedarf, sondern liefert auch einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Steigerung des Nutzerkomforts. Adaptivität im weiteren Sinne bezeichnet einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz, in dem die Anpassung sozialer, kultureller und räumlicher Erfahrungen sowie architektonischer und planerischer Handlungsweisen eng mit den technologischen Entwicklungen verknüpft wird. Die Zusammenführung dieser Perspektiven ist Anspruch des SFB, um ganzheitliche Lösungen für eine zukünftige gebaute Umwelt zu finden.
Due to the already high and still increasing resource consumption of the building industry, the imminent scarcity of certain building materials and the occurring climate change, new resource-and emission-efficient building technologies need to be developed. This need for new technologies is further amplified by the continuing growth of the human population. One possible solution proposed by researchers at the University of Stuttgart, and which is currently further examined in the context of the Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 1244 Adaptive Skins and Structures for the Built Environment of Tomorrow is that of adaptivity. The integration of sensors, actuators, and a control unit enables structures to react specifically to external loads, when needed (e.g., in the case of high but rare loads). For example, adaptivity in load-bearing structures allows for a reduction of deflections or a homogenization of stresses. This in its turn allows for ultra-lightweight structures with significantly reduced material consumption and emissions. To reach ultralightweight structures, i.e., adaptive load-bearing structures, two key questions need to be answered. First, the question of optimal actuator placement and, second, which type of typology (truss, frame, etc.) is most effective. One approach for finding the optimal configuration is that of the so-called influence matrices. Influence matrices, as introduced in this paper, are a type of sensitivity matrix, which describe how and to which extend various properties of a given load-bearing structure can be influenced by different types of actuation principles. The method of influence matrices is exemplified by a series of studies on different configurations of a truss structure.
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