Malnutrition is a strategic problem in Indonesia, especially in Papua Province, which extends from urban to rural areas. The purpose of this study was to assess the situation of malnutrition and to find structural models of malnutrition in Papuan children in various ecosystem zones in Papua Province. The study was designed in a cross-sectional manner, where the selection of research sites used a multistage sampling procedure with stratification and cluster techniques. Data collection was done through structured interviews, observations, and field measurements. It used the least significant different test and Kruskal Wallis to determine whether there are differences in related variables between ecosystem zones. To test and assess the impact of malnutrition on child development, Structural Equation Modeling-Regression was used with a partial least squares approach. The results showed that the prevalence of undernourished children under five years old, short-nutrition, thin-nutrition, and fat-nutrition was widespread in all ecosystem zones. Malnutrition in the form of short children or stunting (TB/U) can be directly associated with social environmental factors. In order to minimize the problem of stunting in Papua, it is necessary to take steps, including improving the nutritional status and health of mothers and children, especially pregnant women, increasing access to food through a food-based approach, and intensifying program activities for basic health, environmental health, and clean water supply.

Background:The Mainland of Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT) has a diverse regional topography with a high prevalence of stunting (>20%). The local government has taken preventive measures. However, the results show a very small reduction in the prevalence of stunting (±2-3%/year). This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in the Eastern Mainland Region, NTT Subjects and Method: This data was a cross-sectional study conducted in NTT, from in June to August 2022. A sample of 28 informants who were selected with the following considerations: officials from the Health Office, PUPR Service, Agriculture Service, and Regency/ City BPS data managers for the Eastern mainland region of NTT. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were Availability of Public Health Workers, Infectious infectious diseases, Open defecation behavior, Family income level, Availability of clean water and proper sanitation, Exclusive breastfeeding, Posyandu visits, Program for giving iron tablets to young women, and Administration of Vitamin A. The data were analyzed by linear regression analysis. Results: Factors that influence the incidence of stunting were sanitation factors (b= -2.22; 95% CI= -3.52 to -0.91; p= 0.012), factor of pneumonia infection (b= 0.07; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.13; p= 0.038), open defecation behavior factor (b= 2.60; 95% CI= 0.99 to 4.21; p= 0.014), and family income level factor (p= -1.21; 95% CI= -1.80 to -5.70; p= 0.009). Conclusion:The incidence of stunting in the East Mainland Region, NTT is influenced by factors: sanitation, pneumonia infection, open defecation behavior; and family income level.

The purpose of the study was to examine the situation of children's quality of life and assess the role of various related factors to the quality of life of children in various ecosystem zones in Papua Province. The study was conducted in four districts representing three ecosystem zones, namely the mainland coastal zone (Merauke and Sarmi Regencies), the middle plain zone (Nabire Regency) and the mountain zone (Jayawijaya Regency). This research was designed cross-sectionally, where the selection of the research site used a multistage sampling procedure with stratification and cluster techniques.  Randomly involved 1481 sample households that had children under five for three zones. Data collection was carried out through structured interviews, observations and field measurements. To determine whether there are differences in related variables between ecosystem zones, the least significant different and Kruskal Wallis test is used. Testing and assessing  the impact  of malnutrition on child development, Structural Equation Modelling-Regression is used with a partial least square approach using the help of the SmartPLS application version 2.0.  The results showed that the population of Papuan children with the risk of quality of life disorders (at risk) reached 50.57% and was the largest in the mountainous zone. Generally, they have impaired negative mood function, while children in the mountainous zone have impaired motor, autonomic, cognitive, social and negative mood functions.