Understanding market demand and premiums paid for food products with social and environmental attributes is increasingly important to ensure adequate information for the agri-food system. Stated preference (SP) surveys are a flexible and affordable approach to elicit values, however the presence of hypothetical bias compromises their reliability. In this study, we seek to identify strategic behaviors and how they relate to hypothetical bias in SP survey for private goods. An online survey was conducted to measure willingness-to-pay (WTP) for regular and free-run eggs using two treatments, a nonhypothetical experimental auction and an open-ended elicitation question. We find that the bias associated with the presence of strategic behavior in the open-ended elicitation survey can be isolated by calculating premiums, which are defined as the difference between declared values for free-run eggs and regular eggs. The insight gained from this study can be used to improve experimental design of hypothetical SPs surveys and significantly reduce hypothetical bias. Comprendre la demande et la volonté de payer pour des biens alimentaires avec des caractéristiques sociales et environnementales est important afin d'assurer une information adéquate pour le secteur agroalimentaire. Les sondages déclaratifs sont une approche flexible et peu coûteuse pour capturer les valeurs, par contre la présence d'un biais hypothétique réduit la fiabilité des valeurs ainsi estimées. Dans cetteétude nous tentons d'identifier le comportement stratégique en lien avec le biais hypothétique intrinsèque aux sondages déclaratifs.À cet effet, nous réalisons un sondage en ligne qui mesure le consentementà payer pour des oeufs réguliers et de poules en liberté en utilisant deux traitements, une enchère non hypothétique et une question ouverte. Nous trouvons que le comportement stratégique présent en situation déclarative peutêtre isoler en calculant la prime, laquelle est définie commeétant la différence entre la valeur déclarée pour les oeufs de poules en liberté et des oeufs réguliers. Les résultats de cetteétude peuventêtre utilisés pour améliorer le design expérimental des enquêtes de préférences révélées et limiter le biais hypothétique.
Les consommateurs sont de plus en plus soucieux du bien-être animal. Plusieurs régions, incluant laCalifornie et l'Europe, interdissent l'élevage de poules dans des systèmes de cages traditionnelles. Au Québec, ce type de cage sera graduellementéliminé, les producteurs ayant collectivement décidé que les nouvelles constructions serontéquipées de cages enrichies ou de système alternatif. Puisqu'un système de cages enrichies implique des coûts additionnels pour les producteurs, il est important de vérifier la réceptivité des consommateurs pour les oeufs produits dans ce type de système de logement. Les données d'une expérienceà choix discret sont analysées, notamment par segment de consommateurs. Les résultats indiquent une valeur positive pour le système enrichi, mais les différentes composantes du système de cages enrichies sont valorisées différemment selon les segments de consommateurs. Toutefois, l'espace supplémentaire, la possibilité de bains de poussières et le coussin de grattage sont peu ou pas valorisés, et ce, pour l'ensemble des segments de consommateurs.
This study examines poultry production stocking density (SD) effect on bird welfare and economic performance. It is based on a large dataset from commercial production including observations for 2.2 million male broilers and 2.3 million female broilers from 37 production sites, with SD ranging from 20.63 kg/m2 to 41.15 kg/m2. The data collection was originally motivated by a processor’s economic concerns that increasing SD could cause slower broiler growth, higher condemnations, and lower grade meat. The data was examined using several linear regressions to determine how production parameters impacted these performance indicators. Results regarding foot pad lesion, condemnations, and mortality rates are consistent with those found in the literature. However, we find that daily weight gain is positively associated with SD, contrasting with past experimental results. The difference between the scope of commercial and experimental productions is discussed as a possible reason for these conflicting results.
Analysing production systems from a circular economy (CE) perspective helps to pinpoint interventions to mitigate the environmental footprint by improving resource use efficiency, waste recovery, and prolonged product usage, recycling and reuse. Few studies exist on the measurement of CE at the micro-level. Additionally, available metrics/indicators address only certain aspects of the CE’s socio-economic metabolism, ignoring important components of the CE concept. Other frameworks propose a single indicator that aggregates and summarizes several facets of CE. This study develops a holistic approach for designing indicators with a structured methodology and an analytical framework to assess CE at the micro (unit of production) level in agriculture. The proposed approach is based on the ECOGRAI method for indicator development, and on validation of the methods with experts and final users via an application to egg production in Canada. Twenty-five performance indicators (PI) were generated for 11 decision variables that were selected as important for the sector. This resulted in a practical tool that proposes fourteen actions to improve the economic circularity (EC) of egg farms. Our methodological approach could be replicated to assess CE performance in other agricultural sectors.
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