Référence électroniqueStéphanie Hennette Vauchez, « Les nouvelles frontières de la laïcité : la conquête de l'Ouest ? », Revue du droit des religions [En ligne], 4 | 2017, mis en ligne le 15 janvier 2020, consulté le 25 janvier 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/rdr/666 ; DOI : 10.4000/rdr.666 La revue du droit des religions est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Creative Commons -Attribution -Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International -CC BY-NC 4.0. R e v u e d u d r o i t d e s r e l i g i o n s • N°4 • n o v e m b r e 2 0 1 7 Les nouveLLes frontières de La Laïcité : La conquête de L'ouest ? stéphanie Hennette vaucHeZ Université Paris Ouest Nanterre, Centre de théorie et analyse du droit (CTAD) RésuméLe présent article entend opérer un retour critique sur un peu plus d'une décennie d'évolutions de la portée juridique du principe de laïcité, lu ici comme une frontière à la fois spatiale (ce sont toujours plus d'espaces : l'école, l'espace public, l'entreprise…) et matérielle (l'axiologisation de la laïcité comme ligne de démarcation entre les personnes et groupes de personnes qu'elle sépare). Ce faisant, il suggère que la laïcité est devenue porteuse de valeurs affirmées, la laïcité rompt avec la neutralité et se fait programme normatif. AbstRActThis paper provides a critical approach of the evolutions of the scope of the legal principle of laïcité that have occurred for over a decade. Laïcité is here analysed as spatial frontier as it applies to more and more spaces : school, public space, private companies… It is also considered as a material frontier in that laïcité has become a value-based dividing line between various categories of individuals or groups. This paper argues that, as a result, laïcité now conveys strong values : it breaks with neutrality and becomes a normative programme. 1. Par ex., Prélot P.-H., « L'interdiction de la dissimulation du visage à la lumière du principe de laïcité », Revue du droit des religions, n° 2, nov. 2016, p. 11. 2. V. en dernier lieu Portier Ph., L'État et les religions en France. Une sociologie historique de la laïcité, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2016. 3. Pour une mise en panorama qui insiste sur cette distinction entre une laïcité qui génère des obligations vis-à-vis des personnes publiques et une laïcité nouvelle qui oblige les personnes privées, on se permet de renvoyer à Hennette Vauchez S., Valentin V., L'affaire Baby Loup ou la nouvelle laïcité,
This article examines a particular version of contemporary threats to the rule of law: the routinization of emergency powers. Although the global response to the pandemic since 2020 has certainly epitomized the sudden infatuation with states of emergency (SOEs), they have a longer history of becoming a new model of government that has come to saturate our contemporary political horizon, as every crisis (terrorism, pandemic, climate) seems to call for its own SOE. This article analyzes the unprecedented permanence of SOEs in contemporary paradigms of government. It first situates the contemporary practice of SOEs in the longer historical and theoretical frame of states of exception. It then reads the twentieth-century rise of the rule-of-law paradigm that is largely undergirded by an ambition to tame the exception as a challenge to this state of exception framework. Hence its failure to provide a relevant lens for analyzing contemporary SOEs. Through an in-depth study of recent French experiences of an SOE, this article shows that rather than derogate to or suspend the legal order, contemporary SOEs are intensely juridical and claim to be fully compatible with the rule of law. In that, they set a dangerous trap: as they borrow the forms and language of the rule of law, contemporary SOEs threaten to subvert the model’s meaning and sense from the inside.
State of emergency in France – Historical origins of the legal regime – Ways in which it was adapted and normalised between 2015 and 2017 – Application against rule of law principles and human rights standards – Institutional balance between powers – In-depth study of 700 court decisions – Legal challenges to state of emergency measures – Challenges to judicial scrutiny
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