ObjectiveCongenital abnormalities of the spine and spinal cord are referred to as spinal dysraphisms. This article reviews nor mal embryological development of the spine and spinal cord and the imaging findings of congenital abnormalities of the spine and spinal cord with particular focus on MRI. ConclusionKnowledge of the normal development of the spine and spinal cord provides a framework for understanding these complex entities.

Despite high interobserver agreement in characterizing uterine abnormalities on sonography, readers still include uterine AVMs in the differential diagnosis of uterine masses that are ultimately proven to be RPOC. A myometrial location of a uterine mass is a particularly misleading imaging feature of RPOC.

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